Table 2.
Mutations in Xat in a Gladius Bread Wheat TILLING Population
| M2 Family | Nucleotide Change | Amino Acid Change | Mutation Type | Proportion of Lutein Esters Normalized to Gladius |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gladius | WT | WT | WT | 1.0 ± 0.01 |
| Ga51 | G511A | Splice | Splice | ND |
| Ga112 | C601T | Q131stop | Truncation | ND |
| Ga236 | C760T | Q184stop | Truncation | ND |
| Ga64 | C979T | P219L | Missense | ND |
| ga243 | G164A | D40N | Missense | ND |
| ga483 | G164A | D40N | Missense | ND |
| ga12 | G440A | G101E | Missense | 0.65 ± 0.08 |
| ga334 | C428T | P97L | Missense | 0.61 ± 0.05 |
Detection and quantification of lutein esters in grain harvested from M3 plants homozygous for Xat mutant alleles. Xat mutant alleles were identified from 768 TILLING lines of an EMS-mutagenized bread wheat (cv Gladius) population. For samples where lutein esters were detected, data show the proportion of esterified lutein normalized to the wild type (WT), Gladius ±seM for n = 4-9 biological replicates. The Gladius cv accumulates 59 ± 1% lutein esters from the total carotenoid pool (n = 9). The remainder of the carotenoids present in Gladius grain is free lutein, present in either its cis- or all-trans isomers. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). ND, not detected.