Figure 1.

Autophagy Activity in the atg11-1 and atg13ab Mutants under Fixed-Carbon Starvation Induced by Prolonged Darkness.

Wild-type, atg7-2, atg11-1, and atg13ab (atg13a-2 atg13b-1) seedlings were grown on MS solid medium without added Suc under an LD photoperiod for 1 week and then placed in darkness for the indicated times; total seedling extracts were then subjected to immunoblot analysis with anti-GFP and anti-NBR1 antibodies. The degradation of NBR1 and the release of free GFP (closed arrowhead) from the GFP-ATG8a reporter (open arrowhead) were used to indicate autophagic flux. Histone H3 was used to confirm nearly equal protein loading.