Fig. 4.

Confirmation of reduced cardiac disease inmdxmice at 90 days after systemic-intraosseous DEC (MB^wt/MB^mdxDEC or MB^wt/MSC^mdx) transplant confirmed by M-mode echocardiography. Echocardiographic M-mode image of parasternal long axis view of anterior and posterior walls of the left ventricle of the mdx vehicle control (left column) and mdx mice systemically treated with MB^wt/MB^mdx DEC (middle column) and with MB^wt/MSC^mdx DEC (right column) (Vevo 2100, VisualSonics). LV tracings are shown as the light blue line connecting light blue crosses. Tracings of both the anterior and posterior left ventricular walls were performed on the first continuous white line that could be followed across the entirety of a representative M-mode image. The red dashed lines represent the left ventricle at the end of systole, while the dashed green lines represent the ventricle during diastole. The white, wavy lines below the inferior tracings represent the myocardial fibers of the posterior ventricular wall. At 90 days post-transplant, vehicle injected mice demonstrated increase in disarray of fiber orientation as well as gross thickening of the posterior left ventricular wall and diminished left ventricular chamber size compared to both DEC treated groups