Table 2.
Functional annotation of the five identified genes.
| Gene name | Gene function | Implications in cardiovascular disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|
|
S100A12 (S100 calcium binding protein A12) |
Involved in regulating a number of cell processes (such as cell cycle progression and differentiation), and specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways. | Significantly higher S100A12 levels are found in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease than in controls, and correlate positively with C-reactive protein levels. | 24 |
|
FKBP5 (FK506 binding protein 5) |
A member of the immunophilin protein family, it plays a role in immunoregulation and basic cell processes involving protein folding and trafficking. | More frequent in STEMI than NSTEMI platelets in an RNA-seq analysis of platelet transcriptome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. | 25 |
|
CLEC4E (C-type lectin domain family 4 member E) |
Involved in cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, inflammation and immune response. | CLEC4E is expressed in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and is activated by necrotic lesion extracts. It plays a critical role in promoting a pro-atherogenic macrophage phenotype and aggravates atherosclerotic lesion inflammation. | 26 |
|
SAMSN1 (SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localisation signals 1) |
A member of a novel gene family of putative adaptors and scaffold proteins. It is a negative regulator of B-cell activation and down-regulates cell proliferation. It promotes membrane ruffle formation and the reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton. | SAMSN1 expression is up-regulated in B cell activation signalling cascades and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and atherosclerotic lesions of femoral arteries in cases of peripheral artery disease. | 27 |
|
S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P) |
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins, localised in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells and is involved in regulating a number of cell processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. In addition to binding Ca2+, this protein also binds Zn2+ and Mg2+. | Serum levels of S100B, S100A6 and S100P are higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than in patients with stable angina or control subjects. The expression of these proteins is related to myocardial injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome and in rat models of myocardial infarction. | 23 |
Functional annotation of the five genes identified in the STEMI vs HD analysis with a p-value of < 0.01.