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. 2019 Dec 20;4:23. doi: 10.1038/s41536-019-0085-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Neonatal injuries were performed using a 31G beveled syringe needle tip to 50% of the IVD diameter a in the ScxGFP reporter mouse that labels annulocytes (triangles) and tenocytes (asterisks) b. ScxGFP expression is decreased in the neonatal IVD 2 hrs post-injury (yellow triangle) b. Proliferating cells were detected using EdU. Representative images of the posterior control AF of an uninjured IVD and the posterior AF of an injured IVD show an increase in proliferation at 2 hrs and d3 c. Quantification using cell counting determined that there was a significant increase in the percentage of proliferating cells at d0 (2 hrs post-injury) compared to controls d. Cells undergoing apoptosis were detected using TUNEL staining. Minimal apoptosis was observed in uninjured controls at 2 hrs, where the few cells stained positive for TUNEL were located at the border of ScxGFP+ cells and ScxGFP- cells in the injured AF and at d3 e. No differences between the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells were observed between control and injured AFs f. Error bars = SD. Scale = 100 μm.