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Alpha diversity and beta diversity of the 1,836 samples. Shannon index (a) and Simpson index (b) for the four groups. Statistical tests were performed using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. PCoA was based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity considering the presence of Bifidobacterium (c), Lactobacillus (d), and the number of these two genera (e). *: p < .001 (PERMANOVA, permutation = 9,999)
