Fig. 5. Anti-bacilli treatment or supplement of A. muciniphila ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in RAI16^−/− mice.

a Gut microbiota levels of WT and RAI16^−/− mice. b Quantitative analysis of total gut bacterial burden in the feces of mice using qPCR. c Quantitative analysis of bacilli and A. muciniphila in the feces of mice using qPCR. WT and RAI16^−/− mice were treated ciprofloxacin oral or supplementated with A. muciniphila for 5 days and then given 3% DSS for 6 days and water for an additional 3 day. Severity of colitis were assessed by measuring body weights loss d and colon lengths e. Colitis severity was assessed using disease activity index f and histological scores g. Data represent one of three independent experiments. Data shown are mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ^#p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01.