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. 2019 Dec 20;9:19500. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55739-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assessment of CXCR2 (CXC Motif Chemokine Receptor 2) ligands mRNA and protein expression levels after mild TBI and spinal 5-HT depletion. Mice were pretreated with systemic desipramine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, i.p.) 45-min prior to 5,7-DHT (50 µg, i.t.) administration. (a) Spinal application of 5,7-DHT attenuated the increased CXCL1 and CXCL2 mRNA expression levels on days 3 and 7 treatment after injury compared to vehicle group. (b) 5,7-DHT attenuated the increased CXCL1 and CXCL2 protein levels seen on days 3 and 7 treatment after injury, while lowering the elevated CXCL3 expression levels only on day 3 after TBI compared to vehicle treated TBI mice. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post-hoc tests. Error bars: SEM, n = 6/group for mRNA and n = 8/group for protien levels messaurements, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 for comparison to sham/vehicle group and ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 for comparison to respective TBI/vehicle groups.