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. 2019 Dec 20;9:19477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55573-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distribution of the hidden break across non-metazoan eukaryotes. (A) Four non-metazoan eukaryotes show evidence of a break. In three of these, (Tirmania nivea, Capsaspora owczarzaki, Tetrahymena thermophila) our analysis shows a hidden break that is in a homologous position to the protostome one. In Acanthamoeba castellanii, the drop in read coverage is observed 3’ of the two conserved markers we found surrounding the break in protostomes. This occurrence of a hidden break has previously been characterised experimentally (see main text). (B) The phylogenetic distribution of hidden break across Eukaryota suggests that the trait evolved convergently in the protostome ancestor and in a few taxa outside the Metazoa. The numbers in parentheses show the proportion of the species having the hidden break among the total of analysed species for this group.