Table 4.
Differences in ΔT (K) during ENSO events of El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) in daytime and nighttime at Tokyo, Phoenix, Bandung, and Quito sites based on biophysical drivers of surface albedo change (E1), convection reduction (E2), evaporation reduction (E3), heat storage change (E4), and anthropogenic release (E5); total biophysical intrinsic drivers (ΔTBI) from E1 to E5; and CLM (ΔTCLM).
| ΔTEL-LN (Daytime) | ΔTEL-LN (Nighttime) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo | Phoenix | Bandung | Quito | Tokyo | Phoenix | Bandung | Quito | |
| Surface albedo change (E1) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Convection reduction (E2) | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.05 | −0.22 | 0.19 | −0.09 | −0.01 | 0.00 |
| Evaporation reduction (E3) | 0.23 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Heat storage change (E4) | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.02 | −0.13 | 0.08 | −0.11 |
| Anthropogenic heat release (E5) | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.08 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total biophysical drivers (ΔTBI) | 0.16 | −0.08 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.15 | −0.16 | 0.08 | −0.11 |
| CLM (ΔTCLM) | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.10 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.33 | 0.14 | −0.09 |