Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| ASD (n = 78) | TD (n = 96) | ASD vs. TD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Statistic | p | |
| Age (Years) | 22.5 (13.9) | 22.3 (12.3) | t = 0.05 | 0.908 |
| Age Group (Child/Adult) | 34/44 | 43/53 | χ2 = 0.02 | 0.874 |
| Sex (Female/Male) | 15/63 | 27/69 | χ2 =1.86 | 0.173 |
| SESa (Hollingshead Score) | 49.2 (10.7) | 51.8 (12.1) | t = −0.11 | 0.195 |
| FSIQb (points) | 108.5 (25.6) | 115.3 (12.4) | t = −0.17 | 0.046 |
| ADOS Total (points) | 11.4 (4.1) | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Awareness | 9.5 (3.8) | -- | -- | -- |
| Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors | 1.9 (1.6) | -- | -- | -- |
| SRS Total (points) | 87.8 (29.2) | 20.1 (16.9) | t = 1.45 | <10−6 |
| Social Awareness | 10.9 (3.7) | 4.7 (3.1) | t = 2.92 | <10−6 |
| Social Cognition | 16.3 (5.5) | 3.1 (3.3) | t = 1.48 | <10−6 |
| Social Communication | 29.7 (10.2) | 6.1 (6.5) | t = 1.40 | <10−6 |
| Social Motivation | 14.4 (5.9) | 3.4 (3.1) | t = 1.20 | <10−6 |
| Restricted Behavior | 17 (6.8) | 2.9 (3.5) | t = 1.34 | <10−6 |
| Psychotropic Usage | ||||
| None | 52 | 96 | -- | |
| Any | 26 | 0 | -- | |
| antipsychotics | 8c | 0 | -- | |
| anticonvulsants | 7c | 0 | -- | |
| other mood stabilizers | 2c | 0 | -- | |
| SSRIs or SNRIs | 11c | 0 | -- | |
| other antidepressants | 2c | 0 | -- | |
| benzodiazepines | 2c | 0 | -- | |
| stimulants | 9c | 0 | -- | |
| dopaminergic agents | 1c | 0 | -- | |
ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (3); ASD, patients with autistic spectrum disorder; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SRS, Social Responsiveness Scale (4); SSRI, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor; TD, typically developing control participants.
a
Socioeconomic status based on Hollingshead
b
Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient based on Wechsler
c
Numbers do not sum to 26 due to polypharmacy