Extended Data Fig. 7. Effect of dietary amino acid modification on mice.

(a, b) SPF C57BL/6 mice were fed a control amino acid defined diet (Ctrl), protein-free diet (PFD), L-serine-L-glycine-deficient diet (SDD), or Laspartic acid-deficient diet (DDD) for 7 days. Food consumption (a) and body weight change (b) were monitored at indicated time points. Four individual cages were used for each diet. Each cage contains 2-5 biologically independent mice. Food consumption amount per mouse in each cage was calculated. Data represent mean ± s.e.m. (N=4, biologically independent experiments). N.S.; not significant, *; P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test (Ctrl vs PFD). (c) SPF C57BL/6 mice were fed the Ctrl, PFD, SDD, or DDD for 3 days. On day 3, fecal samples were collected from each mouse. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CETOF/MS) was used to measure the concentration of luminal L-amino acids. Data represent mean ± s.e.m. Dots indicate individual mice (N=5-6, biologically independent animals). N.S.; not significant, *; P < 0.05, **; P < 0.01, ***; P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test or Man-Whitney U test (two-sided).