Table 2.

The significantly altered metabolites between GU and normal control

Metabolite	Chemical shifts (δ)	KEGG ID	RF model importance	p-value	Fold change (ulcer/control)
Choline	3.195, 3.505, 4.055, 3.515	C00114	0.0331	0.0172	3.28 ↓
Cis-aconitate	3.095, 3.105	C00417	0.0263	2.32E-05	2.05 ↓
Tryptophan	3.285, 3.295, 3.465, 3.475	C00078	0.0240	0.0066	3.79 ↓
Spermidine	3.155, 3.145	C00315	0.0194	0.0010	6.40 ↓
Trimethylamine	3.255	C00565	0.0190	0.0276	1.75 ↑
N,N-Dimethylglycine	2.915, 3.705	C01026	0.0190	0.0150	2.50 ↓
Acetylcarnitine	3.175, 3.605, 3.185, 3.595	C02571	0.0138	0.0184	1.90 ↓
Creatinine	4.045	C00791	0.0138	0.0157	6.60 ↓
Pantothenate	3.425	C00864	0.0135	0.0085	3.52 ↓
Betaine	3.265	C00719	0.0125	0.0490	1.60 ↓
Taurine	3.405, 3.415, 3.395, 3.385	C00245	0.0125	0.0010	7.90 ↓
Carnitine	3.205, 3.215	C00318	0.0123	0.0128	1.80 ↑
Isoleucine	3.655, 3.665	C00407	0.0121	0.0061	5.05 ↓
Glucose	3.455, 3.235, 3.525, 3.725, 3.825	C00031	0.0119	0.0010	3.88 ↓
Kynurenine	3.695	C00328	0.0114	0.0113	5.50 ↓
Methionine	2.115, 3.855	C00073	0.0110	0.0447	2.18 ↓
Acetylcholine	3.205	C01996	0.0057	0.0285	2.00 ↑