Table 1.

Frequency distribution functions and variation degrees of Malus floral traits

Phenotypic traits of floral organs		Frequency distribution functions		Degrees of phenotypic variation
		Wild crabapples	Cultivated crabapples	MD	Order	MP	Order	Rank
Numbering traits	Petal number	y = 102154000 ⋅ x(−7.243)(R2 = 0.9972)	y = 11002600 ⋅ x(−6.124)(R2 = 0.9931)	/	/	0.0520	17	III
	Pistil number	$\mathrm{y}=0.571+84.548\cdot e^{-1.411{\left(x-4.328\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9967)	$\mathrm{y}=0.963+65.342\cdot e^{-0.825{\left(x-4.052\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9965)	0.0277	15	0.1967	9
	Stamen number	$\mathrm{y}=2.667+81.333\cdot e^{-0.064{\left(x-21.700\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9951)	$\mathrm{y}=1.541+73.573\cdot e^{-0.033{\left(x-20.273\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9973)	0.0439	13	0.1736	11
	Pistil and stamen number	$\mathrm{y}=2.667+80.144\cdot e^{-0.042{\left(x-24.427\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9945)	$\mathrm{y}=1.541+75.431\cdot e^{-0.028{\left(x-23.737\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9987)	0.0389	14	0.0941	14
	Petal, pistil and stamen number	$\mathrm{y}=2.667+80.144\cdot e^{-0.037{\left(x-30.228\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9781)	$\mathrm{y}=2.776+71.000\cdot e^{-0.027{\left(x-29.825\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9989)	0.0261	16	0.0690	15
Sizing traits	Flower diameter	$\mathrm{y}=-134.198+162.225\cdot e^{-0.004{\left(x-43.110\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9664)	$\mathrm{y}=1.154+43.064\cdot e^{-0.011{\left(x-39.146\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9982)	−2.7975	2	0.2280	7	I
	Pedicel length	$\mathrm{y}=1.897+36.917\cdot e^{-0.011{\left(x-29.016\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9277)	$\mathrm{y}=1.998+42.694\cdot e^{-0.015{\left(x-26.524\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9924)	−0.2041	10	0.1487	12
	Pistil length	$\mathrm{y}=-65.441+93.426\cdot e^{-0.012{\left(x-9.265\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.8625)	$\mathrm{y}=-0.335+44.185\cdot e^{-0.147{\left(x-8.309\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9802)	−1.9783	4	0.2233	8
	Stamen length	$\mathrm{y}=3.251+44.014\cdot e^{-0.256{\left(x-9.065\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9695)	$\mathrm{y}=0.405+58.096\cdot e^{-0.303{\left(x-7.956\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9988)	−0.3078	9	0.3105	4
	Sepal length	$\mathrm{y}=-17.100+49.152\cdot e^{-0.049{\left(x-7.007\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9935)	$\mathrm{y}=1.279+50.647\cdot e^{-0.309{\left(x-5.765\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9961)	−1.1178	5	0.3121	3
	Petal length	$\mathrm{y}=-1.393+33.994\cdot e^{-0.023{\left(x-17.938\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9911)	$\mathrm{y}=0.222+46.496\cdot e^{-0.056{\left(x-16.959\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9980)	−0.4758	7	0.1835	10
	Petal width	$\mathrm{y}=-134.198+162.225\cdot e^{-0.004{\left(x-13.734\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9664)	$\mathrm{y}=-1.350+40.760\cdot e^{-0.062{\left(x-11.650\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9944)	−2.5597	3	0.2651	5
	Claw length	$\mathrm{y}=6.466+37.808\cdot e^{-1.875{\left(x-2.139\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9749)	$\mathrm{y}=-0.414+45.463\cdot e^{-0.958{\left(x-2.018\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9211)	0.1417	12	0.1008	13
	Pedicel thickness	$\mathrm{y}=-963.219+992.038\cdot e^{-0.046{\left(x-1.139\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.8755)	$\mathrm{y}=0.311+81.904\cdot e^{-22.977{\left(x-0.786\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9987)	−13.2426	1	0.5499	1
	Sepal width	$\mathrm{y}=-3.203+36.806\cdot e^{-0.519{\left(x-3.118\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9661)	$\mathrm{y}=-0.736+50.877\cdot e^{-1.385{\left(x-2.340\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9980)	−0.9277	6	0.4135	2
Shaping traits	Petal length / petal width	$\mathrm{y}=-0.287+39.567\cdot e^{-7.874{\left(x-1.299\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9738)	$\mathrm{y}=1.356+46.233\cdot e^{-14.595{\left(x-1.457\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9991)	0.4330	8	0.2438	6	II
	Sepal length /sepal width	$\mathrm{y}=-0.689+46.502\cdot e^{-0.658{\left(x-2.405\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9900)	$\mathrm{y}=0.958+51.566\cdot e^{-1.032{\left(x-2.475\right)}^2}$(R2 = 0.9966)	0.1557	11	0.0686	16

Note: The order from 1...17 and the rank from I...III at the end of the table indicate a gradual reduction in the degree of phenotypic variation