Table 3.
Outcomes with statistically significant post-intervention differences, as a result of completing the exercise intervention
| Study | Body Composition (pre-measure vs post-measure; % change) | Physical Function (pre-measure vs post-measure; % change) |
|---|---|---|
| Arad, DiMenna, Thomas, et al. [17] |
Visceral Adipose Tissue (L) • Control (1.3 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.6; − 8%) • Exercise (1.3 ± 0.7 vs 1.1 ± 0.6; − 15% |
Gas Exchange Threshold (L/min) • Control (0.87 ± 0.35 vs 0.91 ± 0.0.37; 5%) • Exercise (0.97 ± 0.23 vs 1.29 ± 0.34; 33%) |
| Blue, Smith-Ryan, Trexler and Hirsch [18] |
Muscle cross-sectional area (cm2) • Control (22.18 ± 8.58 vs 21.84 ± 8.37; − 2%) • Exercise (21.93 ± 7.04 vs 25.10 ± 7.87; 14%) |
|
| Chiu, Ko, Wu, et al. [19] |
Body Weight (kg) • Control (89.83 ± 4.38 vs 90.57 ± 4.40; 1%) • Exercise (84.38 ± 2.71 vs 77.66 ± 2.33; − 7%) Body Mass Index (kg/m2) • Control (30.38 ± 0.86 vs 30.64 ± 0.88; 1%) • Exercise (29.43 ± 0.56 vs 27.08 ± 0.39; − 8%) Body Fat (%) • Control (33.32 ± 1.07 vs 33.54 ± 1.20; 1%) • Exercise (34.50 ± 1.78 vs 30.53 ± 1.60; − 12%) Fat mass (kg) • Control (30.03 ± 1.99 vs 30.48 ± 2.07; 1%) • Exercise (29.04 ± 1.70 vs 23.60 ± 1.29; − 19%) |
Cardiorespiratory Endurance Index • Control (55.30 ± 1.80 vs 54.78 ± 1.71; − 1%) • Exercise (56.82 ± 3.12 vs 64.24 ± 3.26; 13%) |
| Domene, Moir, Pummell, Knox and Easton [20]a |
Body Fat (%) • Control (Δ = 0; 0%) • Exercise (Δ = -1.2; − 4%) |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) • Control (Δ = -0.7; − 3%) • Exercise (Δ = 3.1; 11%) |
| Ross, Dagnone, Jones, et al. [21] |
Weight (kg) • Control (96.7 ± 9.0 vs 96.8; 0%) • Exercise (101.5 ± 7.7 vs 94.0; − 7%) Body Mass Index (kg/m2) • Control (30.7 ± 1.6 vs 30.7; 0%) • Exercise (32.3 ± 1.9 vs 29.9; − 7%) Total Fat (kg) • Control (30.5 ± 4.5 vs 29.9; − 2%) • Exercise (33.1 ± 5.5 vs 27.0; − 18%) Visceral Fat (kg) • Control (4.1 ± 1.7 vs 4.1; 0%) • Exercise (3.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.8; − 28%) |
VO2max (L/min) • Control (3.7 ± 0.8 vs 3.7; 0%) • Exercise (3.8 ± 0.8 vs 4.3; 12%) |
| Svensson, Eek, Christiansen and Wisén [14] |
SF-36 Function (points) • Control (43.0 ± 8.2 vs 43.1 ± 10.5; 0%) • Exercise (48.6 ± 9.8 vs 50.5 ± 8.2; 4%) |
|
| Utter, Nieman, Shannonhouse, Butterworth and Nieman [22] |
VO2max(ml/kg/min) • Control (22.2 ± 0.9 vs 23.2 ± 0.9; 5%) • Exercise (23.1 ± 0.7 vs 26.6 ± 0.9; 15%) |
aDomene et al. provided change, rather than absolute values for pre and post anthropometric data
SF-36: 36-Item Short Form Survey. VO2max: Maximal Oxygen Uptake