Table 2.
Population characteristics according to ∆RHR quartiles
| Variable | Delta Heart rate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st quartile < (−7) |
2nd quartile (− 7) – (−1) |
3rd Quartile (−1)- (+ 5) |
4th Quartile > (+ 5) |
p value | P for trend | |
| n | 1827 | 1647 | 1618 | 1591 | NA | NA |
| Age, years | 44.0 (10.0) | 45.4 (9.8) | 45.3 (9.9) | 44.1 (10.2) | < 0.001 | 0.616 |
| Gender, male % | 66.6 | 68.8 | 69.3 | 69.1 | 0.272 | 0.100 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 (3.8) | 22.7 (3.7) | 22.6 (3.7) | 22.6 (3.7) | 0.684 | 0.818 |
| Current smokers, % | 11.9 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 14.4 | 0.188 | 0.038 |
| Basal heart rate, beats/min | 78.1 (11.1) | 69.8 (10.2) | 67.7 (10.2) | 65.7 (9.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 121.6 (14.9) | 121.8 (14.7) | 121.7 (14.7) | 121.3 (14.4) | 0.473 | 0.434 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.1 (8.5) | 76.7 (8.2) | 76.6 (8.2) | 76.4 (8.1) | 0.082 | 0.013 |
| DM, % | 1.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0.020 | 0.336 |
| Hypertension, % | 7.0 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 0.594 | 0.263 |
| Dyslipidemia | 15.3 | 18.5 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 0.044 | 0.521 |
| MET | 11.6 (3.2) | 12.3 (3.2) | 12.4 (3.3) | 12.5 (3.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sport intensity, h/week | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.3 (2.9) | 2.3 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.6) | 0.131 | 0.088 |
| HDL- c, mg/dl | 55.8 (13.7) | 54.8 (14.0) | 54.5 (13.6) | 54.5 (13.6) | 0.02 | 0.005 |
| LDL- c, mg/dl | 123.6 (32.2) | 121.7 (31.8) | 120.8 (31.2) | 121.8 (31.5) | 0.087 | 0.072 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 118.5 (74.3) | 120.4 (83.3) | 116.5 (65.9) | 116.3 (66.6) | 0.202 | 0.215 |
| Follow up time, years | 2.55 (1.5) | 2.48 (1.5) | 2.46 (1.4) | 2.64 (1.55) | < 0.001 | 0.120 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD). BMI Body mass index. BP Blood pressure. DM Diabetes mellitus. HDL-c High density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL-c Low density lipoprotein cholesterol. MET Metabolic equivalents of task. Sport intensity frequency of sport activity per week X length of sport activity