Table 3.
Pairwise correlations between antimicrobials (with respect to resistance) of fecal Escherichia coli isolates of chickens from Ontario small poultry flocks (n = 358)AB
| AMC | AMP | AZM | FOX | CRO | CHL | CIP | GEN | NAL | SSS | STR | STX | TET | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMC | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| AMP | 0.347 | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| AZM | – | – | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| FOX | 0.304 | – | 0.189 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| CRO | 0.344 | 0.244 | 0.214 | 0.667 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| CHL | 0.322 | 0.262 | 0.197 | 0.197 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| CIP | – | – | – | – | – | 0.237 | 1.000 | ||||||
| GEN | 0.192 | – | – | – | 0.189 | – | – | 1.000 | |||||
| NAL | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.350 | 1.000 | |||||
| SSS | 0.283 | 0.310 | – | – | – | 0.283 | – | 0.487 | 0.183 | 1.000 | |||
| STR | 0.193 | 0.458 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.332 | 0.235 | 0.508 | 1.000 | ||
| STX | 0.295 | 0.364 | 0.223 | – | – | 0.264 | – | – | 0.295 | 0.667 | 0.315 | 1.000 | |
| TET | – | 0.329 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.294 | 0.490 | 0.204 | 1.000 |
AGEN gentamicin, STR streptomycin, AMP ampicillin, AMC amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, CRO ceftriaxone, FOX cefoxitin, MER meropenem, SSS sulfisoxazole, STX trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, AZM azithromycin, CHL chloramphenicol, CIP ciprofloxacin, NAL nalidixic acid, TET tetracycline
BSpearman rank correlation, with a Bonferroni correction (α/14) to adjust for multiple comparisons, was used to measure the strength and direction of the relationships between individual antimicrobials with respect to resistance of E. coli at the isolate-level (chicken isolates only). Only statistically significant (P ≤ 0.0036) correlations are shown