Table 1.
Participant General Characteristics
| Characteristics | All (N=324) | Non-Frail (N=168) | Frail (N=156) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.48 ± 8.32 | 70.42 ± 7.55 | 76.77 ± 7.87 | <0.001 |
| Female | 127 (39.2) | 51 (30.4) | 76 (48.7) | 0.001 |
| Smoking | 168 (51.9) | 96 (57.1) | 72 (46.2) | 0.048 |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 47 (14.5) | 20 (11.9) | 27 (17.3) | 0.185 |
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 161 (49.7) | 91 (54.2) | 70 (44.9) | |
| Overweight (≥23.0) | 116 (35.8) | 57 (33.9) | 59 (37.8) | |
| Comorbidities: | ||||
| Hypertension | 247 (76.2) | 119 (70.8) | 128 (82.1) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes | 98 (30.2) | 39 (23.2) | 59 (37.8) | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 54 (16.7) | 27 (16.1) | 27 (17.3) | 0.765 |
| Heart failure | 44 (13.6) | 12 (7.1) | 32 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke | 43 (13.3) | 11 (6.5) | 32 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI | 41 (12.7) | 22 (13.1) | 19 (12.2) | 0.804 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 24 (7.4) | 8 (4.8) | 16 (10.3) | 0.059 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 (4.0) | 1 (0.6) | 12 (7.7) | 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (2.5) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (3.8) | 0.161 |
| Previous CABG | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 0.231 |
| ACS type: | ||||
| NSTEMI | 133 (41.0) | 57 (33.9) | 76 (48.7) | 0.002 |
| STEMI | 120 (37.0) | 62 (36.9) | 58 (37.2) | |
| Unstable angina | 71 (21.9) | 49 (29.2) | 22 (14.1) | |
| PCI | 163 (50.3) | 98 (58.3) | 65 (41.7) | 0.003 |
| Length of stay (days) | 8.7 ± 5.6 | 8.05 ± 4.85 | 9.40 ± 6.30 | 0.031 |
Notes: Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical data are shown as n (%).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, Coronary artery bypass grafting; ACS, Acute coronary syndromes; NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.