Table 1.
Characteristics and Prevalence for Under-Five Mortality in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS
| Characteristics/Variables | Categories | Total N=10,641 |
Status of the Child | X2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead | Alive | |||||
| Distal Factors | ||||||
| Mother’s Education | 20.7 | 0.000 | ||||
| No education | 6838(64.3) | 451(4.2) | 6387(60.0) | |||
| Primary | 2678(25.2) | 140(1.3) | 2538(23.9) | |||
| Secondary | 734(6.9) | 37(0.3) | 697(6.6) | |||
| Higher | 391(3.7) | 7(0.1) | 384(3.6) | |||
| Household Wealth | 32.9 | 0.000 | ||||
| Poorest | 3993(37.5) | 287(2.7) | 3706(34.8) | |||
| Poorer | 1782(16.7) | 112(1.1) | 1670(15.7) | |||
| Middle | 1466(13.8) | 80(0.8) | 1386(13.0) | |||
| Richer | 1308(12.3) | 81(0.8) | 1227(11.5) | |||
| Richest | 2092(19.7) | 75(0.7) | 2017(19.0) | |||
| Sex of Household Head | 0.601 | 0.438 | ||||
| Male | 8383(78.8) | 508(4.8) | 7875(74.0) | |||
| Female | 2258(21.2) | 127(1.2) | 2131(20.0) | |||
| Place of Residence | 28.6 | 0.000 | ||||
| Urban | 1974(18.6) | 67(0.6) | 1907(17.9) | |||
| Rural | 8667(81.4) | 568(5.3) | 8099(76.1) | |||
| Region | 34.5 | 0.000 | ||||
| Tigray | 1033(9.7) | 41(0.4) | 992(9.3) | |||
| Afar | 1062(10.0) | 90(0.8) | 972(9.1) | |||
| Amhara | 977(9.2) | 49(0.5) | 928(8.7) | |||
| Oromia | 1581(14.9) | 87(0.8) | 1494(14.0) | |||
| Somali | 1505(14.1) | 103(1.0) | 1402(13.2) | |||
| Benishangul | 879(8.3) | 64(0.6) | 815(7.7) | |||
| SNNPR | 1277(12.0) | 71(0.7) | 1206(11.3) | |||
| Gambela | 714(6.7) | 44(0.4) | 670(6.3) | |||
| Harari | 605(5.7) | 41(0.4) | 564(5.3) | |||
| Drie Dawa | 547(5.1) | 31(0.3) | 516(4.8) | |||
| Addis Ababa | 461(4.3) | 14(0.1) | 447(4.2) | |||
| Intermediate/Mother’s Characteristics | ||||||
| Preceding Birth Interval in Months | 75.6 | 0.000 | ||||
| <24 | 2118(25.0) | 204(2.4) | 1914(22.6) | |||
| 24–47 | 4368(51.6) | 211(2.5) | 4157(49.1) | |||
| >47 | 1974(23.3) | 79(0.9) | 1895(22.4) | |||
| Mother’s Age at 1st Birth | 1.9 | 0.382 | ||||
| <15 | 622(5.8) | 44(0.4) | 578(5.4) | |||
| 15–25 | 9374(88.1) | 557(5.2) | 8817(82.9) | |||
| >25 | 645(6.1) | 34(0.3) | 611(5.7) | |||
| Birth Order | 4.7 | 0.097 | ||||
| < 3 | 3968(37.3) | 231(2.2) | 3737(35.1) | |||
| 3–4 | 2860(26.9) | 153(1.4) | 2707(25.4) | |||
| >4 | 3813(35.8) | 251(2.4) | 3562(33.5) | |||
| Place of Delivery | 24.4 | 0.000 | ||||
| Home | 7155(68.0) | 484(4.6) | 6671(63.4) | |||
| Health institution | 3361(32.0) | 145(1.4) | 3216(30.6) | |||
| ANC Visits During Pregnancy | 0.06 | 0.807 | ||||
| < 4 | 9929(93.3) | 594(5.6) | 9335(87.7) | |||
| ≥ 4 | 712(6.7) | 41(0.4) | 671(6.3) | |||
| Proximal/Child’s Characteristics | ||||||
| Plurality | 112.9 | 0.000 | ||||
| Single birth | 10,363(97.4) | 577(5.4) | 9786(92.0) | |||
| Multiple births | 278(2.6) | 58(0.5) | 220(2.1) | |||
| Size of Child at Birth | ||||||
| Very large | 1710(16.3) | 119(1.1) | 1591(15.1) | 22.5 | 0.000 | |
| Larger than average | 1504(14.3) | 74(0.7) | 1430(13.6) | |||
| Average | 4419(42.0) | 223(2.1) | 4196(39.9) | |||
| Smaller than average | 1025(9.7) | 59(0.6) | 966(9.2) | |||
| Very small | 1865(17.7) | 143(1.4) | 1722(16.4) | |||
| Sex of Child | 16.0 | 0.000 | ||||
| Male | 5483(51.5) | 376(3.5) | 5107(48.0) | |||
| Female | 5158(48.5) | 259(2.4) | 4899(46.0) | |||
Note: Data are presented as number (percentages).
Abbreviations: SNNPR, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples’ Region; ANC, antenatal care.