Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of DPP participants according to randomization group among those included in the present analysis
| Total (n = 2,658) | PBO (n = 888) | MET (n = 880) | ILS (n = 890) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 50.7 ± 10.7 | 50.6 ± 10.4 | 50.9 ± 10.3 | 50.6 ± 11.4 | 0.93 |
| Female sex | 1,789 (67.3) | 607 (68.4) | 583 (66.3) | 599 (67.3) | 0.641 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1,476 (55.5) | 490 (55.2) | 507 (57.6) | 479 (53.8) | 0.298 |
| African American | 537 (20.2) | 186 (20.9) | 178 (20.2) | 173 (19.4) | |
| Hispanic | 451 (17.0) | 147 (16.6) | 143 (16.3) | 161 (18.1) | |
| Other | 194 (7.3) | 65 (7.3) | 52 (5.9) | 77 (8.7) | |
| Current smoker | 192 (7.2) | 69 (7.8) | 60 (6.8) | 63 (7.1) | 0.726 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 136 (5.1) | 50 (5.6) | 47 (5.3) | 39 (4.4) | 0.486 |
| On lipid-lowering medication | 126 (4.7) | 45 (5.1) | 45 (5.1) | 36 (4.0) | 0.455 |
| Hypertension | 427 (16.1) | 139 (15.7) | 140 (15.9) | 148 (16.6) | 0.845 |
| SBP, mmHg | 123.7 ± 14.7 | 123.5 ± 14.4 | 124.2 ± 15.0 | 123.5 ± 14.6 | 0.961 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.3 ± 9.3 | 78.0 ± 9.2 | 78.3 ± 9.5 | 78.5 ± 9.1 | 0.227 |
| Anthropometrics and lifestyle | |||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.1 ± 6.6 | 34.3 ± 6.7 | 34.0 ± 6.6 | 34.0 ± 6.6 | 0.312 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 105.3 ± 14.5 | 105.5 ± 14.3 | 105.0 ± 14.4 | 105.4 ± 14.8 | 0.823 |
| AHEI-2010, units | 46.4 ± 10.1 | 45.9 ± 10.2 | 44.9 ± 9.9 | 48.6 ± 9.9 | 0.001 |
| MET h/week# | 9.5 (3.8, 20.3) | 9.8 (4.0, 21.1) | 9.9 (3.8, 21.2) | 9.1 (3.8, 18.1) | 0.180 |
| Biochemical | |||||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.93 ± 0.45 | 5.95 ± 0.47 | 5.92 ± 0.46 | 5.92 ± 0.44 | 0.117 |
| HOMA-IR, units# | 6.2 (4.3, 9.0) | 6.2 (4.2, 8.8) | 6.2 (4.3, 9.1) | 6.2 (4.3, 9.1) | 0.938 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.27 ± 0.94 | 5.26 ± 0.94 | 5.26 ± 0.93 | 5.28 ± 0.95 | 0.638 |
| LDLc, mmol/L | 3.23 ± 0.85 | 3.22 ± 0.86 | 3.23 ± 0.84 | 3.24 ± 0.85 | 0.692 |
| HDLc, mmol/L# | 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.32) | 1.14 (0.98,1.32) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) | 0.022 |
| TG, mmol/L# | 1.61 (1.12, 2.31) | 1.67 (1.18, 2.37) | 1.58 (1.11, 2.25) | 1.57 (1.09, 2.27) | 0.005 |
| CRP, mg/dL# | 0.38 (0.17, 0.77) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.80) | 0.36 (0.17, 0.74) | 0.39 (0.18, 0.76) | 0.472 |
| tPA, ng/mL# | 11.0 (8.8, 13.4) | 10.9 (8.8, 13.5) | 10.9 (8.7, 13.2) | 11.2 (8.7, 13.5) | 0.902 |
| Fibrinogen, μmol/L | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 11.4 ± 2.6 | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 0.840 |
| Genetics: genetic risk score, units | 172 ± 9 | 172 ± 9 | 172 ± 9 | 173 ± 9 | 0.222 |
Values are given as the mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) except for qualitative variables expressed as n (%). HOMA-IR, HOMA of insulin resistance.
*
P values obtained by
#
Kruskall-Wallis, ANOVA, and χ2 tests with 2 df as appropriate.