Fos expression in vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) messenger RNA (mRNA) neurons during cue-induced food seeking after punishment. (A, B) Photomicrograph illustrating immunohistochemical detection of Fos-protein (A) and in situ hybridization detection of VGAT mRNA (B) in lateral hypothalamus (LH). (C) A high-power photomicrograph of a representative VGAT-negative, Fos-positive neuron (D). A high-power photomicrograph of a representative VGAT-positive, Fos-positive neuron (E). We found increased Fos-protein expression in LH neurons expressing VGAT mRNA in rats tested with the appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) compared to the aversive CS. Appetitive CS group, n = 3; aversive CS group, n = 3. DMH = dorsomedial hypothalamus; f = fornix; ot = optic tract; ic = internal capsule. * p < .05.