Table 2 -.

Method of Instrument Delivery:

Method of Delivery	Resources	Effect on Clinical Workflow	Electronic Health Record Integration	Ability to Aggregate Data	Barriers
Paper	Minimal additional resources	Can be sent to patients prior to their visits Can be placed in clinic workflow at multiple timepoints	Response sheets can be scanned into the electronic medical record	Data aggregation occurs by hand or through machine aggregation (e.g. Scantron)	Smaller barriers as paper form completion is common among the general population
Electronic - Computer/Tablet	Resources necessary include electronic tablets or workstations for PRO completion in the clinic and/or EHR infrastructure such as patient portal	Tablet PRO completion can be placed in clinic workflow at multiple timepoints Workstation PRO completion may disrupt normal clinic workflow due to the need for presence in front of the workstation to complete	Can be integrated into the EHR and responses/scores can be placed in clinical documentation	Data aggregation occurs through the electronic system and in many cases is integrated into the EHR such that PRO on responses can be aggregated by individual question	Technological literacy Cost of physical resources, development, integration
Electronic - Smartphone	Minimal additional resources from the clinician/institution	Minimal effect on clinical workflow as PRO can be sent and patients can complete at a convenient time	Can be integrated into the EHR and responses/scores can be placed in clinical documentation	Data aggregation occurs through the electronic system and in many cases is integrated into the EHR such that PRO on responses can be aggregated by individual question	Technological literacy Cost of development/integration Local population penetrance of smartphones