Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of individual demographic characteristics and environmental factors among elderly patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by status of ACEIs/ARRs adherence (n=70,201)
| Variable | PDC above 80% (n=42,733) |
PDC below 80%(n=27,468) |
All (n=70,201) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | Mean (SD)/% | Mean/% | Mean/% | |
| Age (years) | 78.6 (7.1) | 78.6 (7.1) | 78.6 (7.1) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <70 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | |
| 70-75 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 22.7 | |
| 75-80 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 23.3 | |
| >80 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 41.4 | |
| Male | 38.9 | 41.3 | 39.9 | *** |
| Race | *** | |||
| White | 87.9 | 85.1 | 86.8 | |
| Black | 8.8 | 11.3 | 9.8 | |
| Asians | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | |
| Others | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | |
| Unknown | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Prescription coverage at baseline | *** | |||
| Part D without LIS | 64.3 | 63.8 | 64.1 | |
| Part D with non-deemed LIS | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | |
| Part D with deemed LIS | 33.3 | 34.2 | 33.7 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 45.3 | 45.8 | 45.5 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index $ | 1.2 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.8) | 1.3 (1.7) | *** |
| Cardiovascular Comorbidities | ||||
| ASHD | 48.5 | 53.7 | 50.6 | *** |
| AMI | 11.4 | 13.7 | 12.3 | *** |
| CHF | 30.9 | 35.9 | 32.9 | *** |
| CVA-TIA | 29.7 | 33.3 | 31.1 | *** |
| PAD | 36.8 | 40.5 | 38.3 | *** |
| AFIB | 20.6 | 21.8 | 21.1 | *** |
| SCA/VA | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | *** |
| Other Cardiovascular diseases | 45.0 | 49.2 | 46.6 | *** |
| Cardiovascular Procedures | ||||
| PCI | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.9 | *** |
| CABG | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| ICD/CRT-D | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | ** |
| Environmental Factors | ||||
| Number of General physicians per 10,000 persons | 8.3 (3.2) | 8.3 (3.2) | 8.3 (3.2) | ** |
| Percent of Medicare Beneficiaries in Total Population | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | *** |
| Proportion of People Residing in Medically Underserved Areas | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | ** |
| Deprivation score# | 1.5 (3.9) | 1.8 (4.0) | 1.6 (3.9) | *** |
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
P<0.001
Adapted Charlson comorbidity index was calculated by excluding diabetes, kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases
Deprivation score was measured by Townsend index, which incorporates unemployment rate, percentage of households without care ownership, home ownership and overcrowding.
Abbreviations: ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; AFIB, atrial fibrillation; SCA/VA, sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias; PCI, percutaneous coronary interventions; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICD/CRT-D, implantable cardioverter defibrillators/cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator devices.