Table 2.
The association between individual, environmental characteristics and ACEIs/ARBs adherence at individual level using Mixed model (n=70,201)
| Variable | Estimate | Standard Error | Pr > ∣t∣ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.924 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index $ | −0.005 | 0.001 | <.0001 | *** |
| Female | 0.010 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| Race (White) | ||||
| Black | −0.034 | 0.004 | <.0001 | *** |
| Asians | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.8788 | |
| Others | −0.019 | 0.008 | 0.0186 | * |
| Unknown | −0.044 | 0.031 | 0.1462 | |
| Prescription coverage at baseline (Part D without LIS) | ||||
| Part D with non-deemed LIS | 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.0066 | ** |
| Part D with deemed LIS | 0.012 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 0.011 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| ASHD | −0.010 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| AMI | −0.008 | 0.003 | 0.0135 | * |
| CHF | −0.016 | 0.003 | <.0001 | *** |
| CVA-TIA | −0.009 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| PAD | −0.007 | 0.002 | 0.0013 | ** |
| AFIB | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.0352 | * |
| SCA/VA | −0.002 | 0.005 | 0.7011 | |
| Other Cardiovascular diseases | −0.010 | 0.002 | <.0001 | *** |
| PCI | −0.010 | 0.005 | 0.065 | |
| CABG | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.2743 | |
| ICD/CRT-D | −0.002 | 0.011 | 0.8431 | |
| Number of General physicians per 10,000 persons | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.0035 | ** |
| Percent of Medicare Beneficiaries in Total Population | 0.081 | 0.033 | 0.0123 | * |
| Proportion of People Residing in Medically Underserved Areas | −0.013 | 0.003 | <.0001 | *** |
| Deprivation score# | −0.001 | 0.000 | 0.0002 | *** |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
P<0.001
$
Adapted Charlson comorbidity index was calculated by excluding diabetes, kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases
#
Deprivation score was measured by Townsend index, which incorporates unemployment rate, percentage of households without care ownership, home ownership and overcrowding.