Table 2.
Comparison of parameters in patients without (group N) and with (group D) MSD.
| Variables | Group N (n = 54) | Group D (n = 225) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.4 (4.0) | 75.1 (4.6) | NS | |
| Gender (male, %) | 59.3% (n = 32) | 45.3% (n = 102) | NS | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 (2.6) | 23.7 (3.1) | <0.005 | |
| Grip strength (kg) | 27.3 (10.2) | 25.8 (8.0) | NS | |
| Back muscle strength (kg) | 73.8 (28.6) | 62.6 (27.3) | <0.01 | |
| Physical ability | ||||
| 10 m gait time (s) | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.5 (0.97) | NS | |
| 3 m TUG | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.9 (1.2) | NS | |
| Maximum stride (%) | 73.5 (6.3) | 70.5 (7.4) | <0.01 | |
| Two-step test score | 1.42 (0.15) | 1.35 (0.14) | <0.005 | |
| Pain | ||||
| VAS (low back pain) (mm) | 7.8 (14.9) | 13.0 (16.1) | <0.05 | |
| VAS (sciatica) (mm) | 5.0 (8.2) | 12.0 (20.7) | <0.05 | |
| VAS (knee joint pain) (mm) | 7.0 (14.3) | 15.6 (24.0) | <0.05 | |
| NeP (+) (n) | 5.6% ( n = 3 ) | 17.8% ( n = 40 ) | <0.05 | |
| Platform measurements of balance | ||||
| LNG/TIME (cm/s) | ||||
| Eyes open | 1.8 (0.54) | 2.0 (0.81) | NS | |
| Eyes closed | 2.2 (0.69) | 2.6 (1.3) | <0.05 | |
| E AREA (cm2) | ||||
| Eyes open | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.5) | NS | |
| Eyes closed | 3.1 (1.3) | 4.1 (2.9) | <0.01 | |
| Spinal parameters | ||||
| Thoracic kyphosis angle (°) | 41.4 (8.1) | 39.5 (10.6) | NS | |
| Lumbar lordosis angle (°) | 17.1 (6.1) | 11.5 (11.2) | <0.005 | |
| Sacral inclination angle (°) | 6.0 (7.5) | 3.5 (8.4) | <0.05 | |
| Spinal inclination angle (°) | 0.43 (3.7) | 2.1 (5.0) | <0.05 | |
| ROM (Thoracic spine) | 13.2 (11.3) | 11.2 (15.5) | NS | |
| ROM (Lumbar spine) | 49.4 (12.8) | 40.4 (13.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Geriatric disease | ||||
| LS (%) (n) | 7.4% (n = 4) | 24.9% ( n = 56 ) | <0.005 | |
| Frailty (%) (n) | 20.4% (n = 11) | 13.8% (n = 72) | NS | |
| Sarcopenia (%) (n) | 16.7% ( n = 9 ) | 27.6% ( n = 62 ) | <0.05 | |
Values are shown as a mean or percentage (SD in parentheses).
TUG: timed up and go test, VAS: visual analogue scale, NeP: neuropathic pain, LNG/TIME: distance of movement of the center of pressure (COP) per second, E AREA: envelopment area traced by movement of the COP, ROM: range of motion, LS: locomotive syndrome, NS: not significant.
Positive value indicates lordosis of the lumbar spine in this study.
Bold indicates significance.