Table 3.
Left ventricular morphological and functional parameters examined by echocardiography at week 24 in both control and fructose-fed rats. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 8), ∗p < 0.05.
| Parameter (unit) | View/mode | Control | Fructose-fed | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricle morphology | ||||
| Anterior wall thickness in systole (mm) | Short axis/MM | 3.59 ± 0.14 | 3.47 ± 0.12 | 0.506 |
| Anterior wall thickness in diastole (mm) | Short axis/MM | 2.35 ± 0.04 | 2.00 ± 0.10∗ | 0.012 |
| Inferior wall thickness in systole (mm) | Short axis/MM | 3.38 ± 0.18 | 3.41 ± 0.07 | 0.871 |
| Inferior wall thickness in diastole (mm) | Short axis/MM | 2.20 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.08 | 0.167 |
| Posterior wall thickness in systole (mm) | Long axis/MM | 3.33 ± 0.30 | 3.13 ± 0.19 | 0.596 |
| Posterior wall thickness in diastole (mm) | Long axis/MM | 2.22 ± 0.14 | 1.96 ± 0.11 | 0.155 |
| Septal wall thickness in systole (mm) | Long axis/MM | 3.88 ± 0.18 | 3.55 ± 0.20 | 0.239 |
| Septal wall thickness in diastole (mm) | Long axis/MM | 2.33 ± 0.10 | 2.05 ± 0.17 | 0.169 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | Long axis/MM | 6.85 ± 0.24 | 6.85 ± 0.21 | 0.996 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm) | Long axis/MM | 3.07 ± 0.16 | 3.37 ± 0.20 | 0.270 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (μL) | 4CH | 100.3 ± 20.6 | 90.3 ± 11.7 | 0.681 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume (μL) | 4CH | 39.23 ± 9.04 | 36.23 ± 6.03 | 0.787 |
| Left ventricular morphology/heart weight | ||||
| Anterior wall thickness in systole (mm/g) | Short axis/MM | 1.96 ± 0.11 | 2.28 ± 0.06∗ | 0.021 |
| Anterior wall thickness in diastole (mm/g) | Short axis/MM | 1.27 ± 0.07 | 1.32 ± 0.06 | 0.596 |
| Inferior wall thickness in systole (mm/g) | Short axis/MM | 1.96 ± 0.06 | 2.20 ± 0.11 | 0.079 |
| Inferior wall thickness in diastole (mm/g) | Short axis/MM | 1.38 ± 0.10 | 1.34 ± 0.10 | 0.795 |
| Posterior wall thickness in systole (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 1.96 ± 0.20 | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 0.665 |
| Posterior wall thickness in diastole (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 1.21 ± 0.12 | 1.29 ± 0.06 | 0.559 |
| Septal wall thickness in systole (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 2.28 ± 0.14 | 2.34 ± 0.11 | 0.735 |
| Septal wall thickness in diastole (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 1.36 ± 0.06 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 0.348 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 3.86 ± 0.23 | 4.56 ± 0.27 | 0.067 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm/g) | Long axis/MM | 1.81 ± 0.10 | 2.26 ± 0.20 | 0.082 |
| Left ventricle function | ||||
| E/A | 4CH | 1.21 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.02∗ | 0.015 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 4CH | 60.96 ± 3.38 | 62.83 ± 2.32 | 0.666 |
| Fractional shortening (%) | Short axis/MM | 49.57 ± 3.82 | 54.00 ± 3.60 | 0.414 |
| MV E velocity (m/s) | 4CH | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.358 |
| MV A velocity (m/s) | 4CH | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.260 |
| Heart rate (1/min) | 4CH | 346.0 ± 12.9 | 349.6 ± 6.8 | 0.819 |