Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics
| Uganda N = 173 (16.6%) |
Vietnam N = 471 (45.3%) |
Kyrgyzstan N = 306 (29.4%) |
Greece N = 90 (8.7%) |
Total N = 1040 (100%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Male | 39 (22.5) | 274 (58.2) | 188 (61.4) | 55 (61.1) | 556 (53.3) |
| Age (yrs.), median [IQR] | 35.0 [22.5–47.0] | 62.0 [52.0–72.0] | 62.0 [55.0–70.0] | 72.0 [63.8–79.0] | 60.0 [48.0–70.0] |
| BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 23.8 [20.4–28.3] | 21.9 [19.5–24.4] | 25.8 [23.7–29.4] | 28.0 [24.7–31.5] | 23.9 [20.8–27.3] |
| Higher educationa | 46 (26.7) | 156 (33.1) | 291 (95.1) | 4 (4.4) | 497 (47.8) |
| Working status | |||||
| Working | 93 (53.8) | 193 (41.1) | 92 (30.1) | 23 (25.6) | 401 (38.6) |
| Employed (for payment) | 81 (87.1) | 134 (69.4) | 40 (43.5) | 15 (65.2) | 270 (67.3) |
| Not working | 41 (23.7) | 153 (32.6) | 34 (11.1) | 13 (14.4) | 241 (23.2) |
| Student | 36 (20.0) | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (3.9) |
| Retired | 3 (1.7) | 119 (25.3) | 180 (58.8) | 54 (60.0) | 356 (34.2) |
| Having child (ren) | 117 (67.6) | 417 (88.5) | 302 (98.7) | 79 (87.8) | 915 (88.0) |
| Ever smoker | 6 (3.5) | 251 (53.3) | 138 (45.1) | 62 (68.9) | 457 (43.9) |
| Pack years, median [IQR] | 3.8 [2.0–19.9] | 29.0 [15.5–44.0] | 27.0 [14.2–40.8] | 57.0 [26.1–74.0] | 30.0 [15.1–45.0] |
| Male | 4 (66.7) | 234 (93.2) | 134 (97.1) | 47 (75.8) | 419 (91.7) |
| Current smoker | 6 (100.0) | 92 (36.7) | 37 (26.8) | 40 (64.5) | 175 (38.3) |
| Solid fuel use | 170 (98.8) | 130 (27.6) | 218 (71.5) | 44 (49.4) | 562 (54.0) |
| Occupational exposureb | 87 (93.5) | 104 (53.9) | 37 (40.2) | 10 (43.5) | 238 (59.4) |
| Health characteristics | |||||
| Diagnosed as: | |||||
| COPD | 11 (6.4) | 190 (40.3) | 305 (99.7) | 67 (74.4) | 573 (55.1) |
| Asthma | 161 (93.1) | 223 (47.3) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (17.8) | 400 (38.5) |
| ACO | 1 (0.6) | 58 (12.3) | 1 (0.3) | 7 (7.8) | 67 (6.4) |
| Breathlessness severity (MRC-scale), median [IQR] | 2.0 [1.0–2.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [3.0–4.0] | 2.0 [2.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] |
| Exacerbation(s) in past year | 0 (0.0) | 102 (21.7) | 35 (11.4) | 9 (10.0) | 146 (14.0) |
| Comorbidity (any) | 27 (15.6) | 228 (48.4) | 62 (20.3) | 44 (48.9) | 361 (34.7) |
Data are in numbers (%) unless stated otherwise. ACO asthma-COPD overlap, BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, MRC medical research council. Text in italics means category within category above. a Above secondary education. bRegards only those working. Missing values N (%) for BMI 6 (0.6) in G; education 1 (0.1) in U; working status 1 (0.1) in V; pack years 13 (1.2) 1 in G, 2 in V, 10 in K; solid fuel use 3 (0.3) 1 in U, K, and G; MRC-score 1 (0.1) in U; exacerbation 1 (0.1) in G