Table 2.
Adjusted childhood factors associated with individual abuse and neglect ACEs in the Bt20 + Study, Soweto, South Africa, n = 1223.
| Variable | Abuse: Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Neglect: Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexual | Emotional | Physical | Physical | Emotional | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | Ref | - | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 1.67 (0.93–3.00) | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.67 (0.45–0.99) | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | |
| Maternal age | -ˆ | - | - | - | - |
| Maternal education | |||||
| No formal education | Ref | - | - | - | - |
| Standard 1-5 | 0.17 (0.02–1.85) | ||||
| Standard 6-10 | 0.34 (0.04 (2.86) | ||||
| Post school training | 0.80 (0.09–7.38) | ||||
| Maternal marital status | |||||
| Single/widowed | - | Ref | - | Ref | - |
| Married/living together | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | 0.75 (0.48–1.18) | |||
| SES at birth | |||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | - |
| High | 1.42 (0.80–2.53) | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) | 0.79 (0.50–1.24) | 0.67 (0.40–1.14) | |
| SES at 16 years | |||||
| Low | - | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High | 0.98 (0.73–1.31) | 0.93 (0.57–1.51) | 0.55 (0.34–0.88) | 0.83 (0.62–1.12) | |
| Change in SES (birth to 16 years) | |||||
| None | - | - | - | Ref | Ref |
| Increase | 0.94 (0.55–1.61) | 1.23 (0.89–1.70) | |||
| Decrease | 1.73 (0.96–3.11) | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) | |||
| Community SES at 18 | |||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High | 0.55 (0.31–0.98) | 0.70 (0.53–0.93) | 0.81 (0.50–1.29) | 0.54 (0.36–0.81) | 0.66 (0.50–0.88) |
| Father home | |||||
| No | - | - | - | Ref | - |
| Yes | 0.67 (0.41–1.09) | ||||
Bold: p < 0.05; ˆvariables with no results were not entered into multivariate model for that outcome.