Table 4.
Comparison of hand hygiene variables between children in reception centers and those living with their family according to monthly income (N = 455).
| Hand Washing | CRC n = 51 |
CLF Income <1000 € n = 83 |
CLF Income 1001 €–2000 € n = 97 |
CLF Income >2000 € n = 224 |
CLF Total n = 454 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily frequency | >3 times n (%) | 13 (25.5) | 31 (36.5) | 35 (35.0) | 80 (35.7%) | 146(35.7) |
| ≤3 times n (%) | 38 (74.5) | 54 (63.5) | 65 (65.0) | 144 (64.3) | 263(64.3) | |
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 1.6(0.8–3.1) | |
| ORa (95% CI) | 1 | 2.0 (0.9–4.4) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 1.9 (0.9–3.9) | 1.9(0.9–3.7) | |
| Always before every meal * | Yes n (%) | 5 (9.8) | 47 (55.3) | 53 (52.0) | 116 (51.6) | 216(52.4) |
| No n (%) | 46 (90.2) | 38 (44.7) | 49 (48.0) | 109 (48.4) | 196(47.6) | |
| OR (95% CI)* | 1 | 11.3 (4.1–31.4) | 9.9 (3.6–27.0) | 9.7 (3.7–25.5) | 10.1(3.9–26.0) | |
| ORa (95% CI) * | 1 | 12.0 (4.3–33.3) | 9.9 (3.6–27.2) | 9.7 (3.7–25.5) | 9.7(3.–25.2) | |
| Always after defecating * | Yes n (%) | 16 (31.4) | 60 (70.6) | 79 (77.5) | 172 (77.1) | 311(75.9) |
| No n (%) | 35 (68.6) | 25 (29.4) | 23 (22.5) | 51 (22.9) | 99(24.1) | |
| OR (95% CI) * | 1 | 5.2 (2.4–11.1) | 7.5 (3.5–15.9) | 7.3 (3.7–14.4) | 6.8(3.6–12.9) | |
| ORa (95% CI) * | 1 | 9.5 (4.1–22.1) | 11.2 (4.9–25.6) | 12.8 (6.0–27.5) | 11.5(5.6–23.7) | |
| Always after urinating * | Yes n (%) | 7 (13.7) | 47 (55.3) | 61 (59.8) | 121 (53.8) | 229(55.6) |
| No n (%) | 44 (86.3) | 38 (44.7) | 41 (40.2) | 104 (46.2) | 183(44.4) | |
| OR (95% CI) * | 1 | 7.7 (3.1–19.2) | 9.3 (3.8–22.7) | 7.3 (3.1–16.9) | 7.8(3.4–17.8) | |
| ORa (95% CI) * | 1 | 10.6 (4.1–27.4) | 11.9 (4.7–30.2) | 10.1 (4.2–24.3) | 11.1(4.7–26.4) | |
| Always use soap * | Yes n (%) | 20 (39.2) | 63 (74.1) | 91 (89.2) | 181 (80.4) | 335(81.3) |
| No n (%) | 31 (60.8) | 22 (25.9) | 11 (10.8) | 44 (19.6) | 77(18.7) | |
| OR (95% CI) * | 1 | 4.4 (2.1–9.3) | 12.8 (5.5–29.7) | 6.3 (3.3–12.2) | 6.7(3.6–12.4) | |
| ORa (95% CI) * | 1 | 4.5 (2.1–9.6) | 13.6 (5.7–32.3) | 6.3 (3.3–12.2) | 7.8(4.1–15.0) | |
CRC: children in reception centers. CLF: Children living on a family. OR: Odds Ratio. ORa: Odds Ratio adjusted for age and sex. * p < 0.001.