Table 1.
Means (and standard deviations) of screen times, parent–child interaction scores, and SDQ scores in the present sample.
| Children | Mothers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Possible Range | 2–5 years n = 262 |
6–9 years n = 291 |
All n = 553 |
All n = 553 |
| Media use | |||||
| TV | 0–5 | 0.63 (0.51) | 0.96 (0.69) | 0.80 (0.63) | 1.23 (1.01) |
| Games console | 0–5 | 0.01 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.14) | 0.09 (0.26) | 0.03 (0.15) |
| Computer | 0–10 | 0.18 (0.35) | 0.49 (0.85) | 0.34 (0.68) | 1.42 (1.48) |
| Mobile phone | 0–10 | 0.09 (0.20) | 0.31 (0.83) | 0.21 (0.62) | 1.65 (1.52) |
| Total screen time a | 0–30 | 0.91 (0.71) | 1.91 (2.00) | 1.44 (1.61) | 4.33 (2.91) |
| n (%) high screen time b | 26 (10%) | 103 (36%) | 129 (23%) | 163 (29%) | |
| Parent–child interactions | |||||
| Score | 0–55 | 40.32 (7.43) | 28.58 (11.40) | 34.15 (11.35) | |
| Behavioral strengths and difficulties | |||||
| Emotional problems | 0–10 | 1.51 (1.63) | 1.81 (1.86) | 1.67 (1.76) | |
| n (%) risk group | 26 (10%) | 52 (18%) | 78 (14%) | ||
| Conduct problems | 0–10 | 2.26 (1.54) | 1.89 (1.61) | 2.07 (1.59) | |
| n (%) risk group | 52 (20%) | 41 (14%) | 93 (17%) | ||
| Hyperactivity inattention | 0–10 | 3.94 (2.31) | 3.72 (2.59) | 3.82 (2.46) | |
| n (%) risk group | 55 (21%) | 69 (24%) | 124 (22%) | ||
| Peer-relationship problems | 0–10 | 1.16 (1.42) | 1.09 (1.53) | 1.13 (1.48) | |
| n (%) risk group | 21 (8%) | 28 (10%) | 49 (9%) | ||
| Total behavioral difficulties | 0–40 | 8.87 (4.55) | 8.50 (5.50) | 8.68 (5.07) | |
| n (%) risk group | 55 (21%) | 63 (22%) | 118 (21%) | ||
| Prosocial behavior | 0–10 | 7.60 (1.67) | 8.07 (1.75) | 7.85 (1.72) | |
| n (%) risk group | 30 (11%) | 23 (8%) | 53 (10%) | ||
a Total screen time = combination of TV, games console, computer, and mobile phone use. b High screen time = >/= 2 h/day (for children) and >/= 5 h/day (for mothers). SDQ = Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.