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. 2019 Dec 1;16(23):4833. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234833
Variable Good (<30 µg m−3) Normal (30 µg m−3 ≤ PM10 < 80 µg m−3) Bad (≥80 µg m−3)
OLS OLS OLS
Coef. t Coef. t Coef. t
Constant 6.377 *** 3.436 4.530 *** 5.4852 −0.830 −0.193
Gu-level weather and atmosphere condition
log_ PM10 concentration −0.691 *** −2.647 −0.176 ** −2.318 −1.213 ** −2.224
log_lowest temperature 0.816 *** 3.421 0.259 * 1.922 2.365 ** 2.203
Population
log_population density −0.167 −1.161 −0.242 *** −3.882 0.274 ** 1.969
log_job density −0.017 −0.283 0.127 *** 3.684 −0.010 −0.129
log_bus ridership 0.269 *** 6.875 0.358 *** 14.837 0.303 *** 6.403
log_subway ridership 0.045 *** 5.495 0.045 *** 10.300 0.053 *** 6.486
Land use
Residential 0.008 0.032 0.350 *** 2.966 0.492 ** 2.108
Commercial 0.242 0.941 0.556 *** 4.294 1.070 *** 3.978
Industrial 0.280 0.947 0.307 ** 2.028 0.332 1.202
Street type
With sidewalk 0.702 *** 5.145 0.599 *** 7.890 0.936 *** 6.833
Without sidewalk (shared with pedestrians and vehicles) 0.340 1.627 0.525 *** 5.492 0.857 *** 4.901
Street condition
Sidewalk width 0.068 *** 3.053 0.074 *** 7.368 0.118 *** 5.840
# of traffic lanes 0.057 *** 2.641 0.012 1.113 0.024 1.215
Presence of centerline −0.250 * −1.658 −0.273 *** −3.605 −0.233 * −1.672
Presence of street furniture −0.278 * −1.856 −0.017 −0.221 0.202 1.393
Presence of obstacle 0.350 ** 2.105 0.454 *** 5.225 0.730 *** 4.488
Presence of braille block −0.125 −1.465 0.057 1.212 −0.001 −0.006
Presence of street slope −0.173 * −1.887 −0.287 *** −5.421 −0.106 −1.060
Presence of fence 0.316 *** 3.206 0.115 ** 2.215 0.027 0.262
Presence of crosswalk 0.345 *** 3.576 0.107 ** 2.142 0.241 ** 2.481
Summary
N 608 1,874 508
Adjusted R-square 0.425 0.423 0.488
Log likelihood −805.982 −2443.86 −648.26
Akaike info criterion 1653.96 4929.72 1338.52
Schwarz criterion 1746.58 5045.97 1427.36
Statistics
Moran’s I 9.674 *** 19.758 *** 8.275 ***
Note: The reference group of Land use, Street type and Day of the week are “Green,” “With sidewalk, but shared with bicycles” and “Tuesday,” respectively. * Significant at p < 0.1; ** Significant at p < 0.05; *** Significant at p < 0.01.