Table 3.

The associated factors of hypertension via multivariate logistic regression models.

Variables	Overall (N = 2203)		Women (N = 1285)		Men (N = 918)
	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Age groups
18–44	Reference		Reference		Reference
45–59	3.99 (3.01–5.30)	<0.001	6.80 (4.02–11.49)	<0.001	2.67 (1.85–3.87)	<0.001
60–69	8.37 (6.06–11.55)	<0.001	12.41 (7.16–21.52)	<0.001	5.92 (3.41–10.28)	<0.001
Gender
Women	Reference
Men	2.32 (1.85–2.91)	<0.001
Marital status
Never married			Reference
Ever married			1.05 (0.52–2.12)	0.893
Education
Elementary school or below	Reference				Reference
Secondary school	1.26 (0.92–1.72)	0.147			1.09 (0.65–1.84)	0.734
High school and above	1.06 (0.78–1.44)	0.700			0.92 (0.55–1.52)	0.738
Occupation
Retirement					Reference
Officers/Workers/Traders					0.69 (0.39–1.21)	0.191
Others					0.88 (0.52–1.48)	0.620
Monthly income
Below poverty line	Reference		Reference		Reference
Above poverty line	0.80 (0.62–1.03)	0.080	0.64 (0.46–0.89)	0.008	1.17 (0.77–1.77)	0.459
Diabetes comorbidity
No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	2.72 (1.85–4.00)	<0.001	2.98 (1.81–4.91)	<0.001	2.25 (1.21–4.18)	0.010
Health behaviors
Smoking tobacco
No					Reference
Yes					1.38 (1.01–1.90)	0.046
Consuming added salts
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.66 (1.33–2.07)	<0.001	1.80 (1.32–2.45)	<0.001
Anthropometrics
BMI groups
Normal (<25.0 kg/m2)	Reference		Reference		Reference
Overweight/obesity (≥25.0 kg/m2)	1.90 (1.48–2.44)	<0.001	1.64 (1.16–2.33)	0.005	2.18 (1.52–3.13)	<0.001
Abdominal Obesity *
Normal	Reference		Reference		Reference
Abdominal obesity	1.71 (1.36–2.15)	<0.001	2.07 (1.49–2.87)	<0.001	1.27 (0.92–1.76)	0.142

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index. * Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist–hip ratio ≥ 0.90 for men, ≥ 0.85 for women.