Table 1.
Sociodemographic and physical characteristics of participants (n = 147).
| Characteristics | n | % | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36.0 | 6.4 | ||
| 18–29 years | 24 | 16.3 | ||
| 30–39 years | 87 | 59.2 | ||
| 40–49 years | 31 | 21.1 | ||
| 50–59 years | 5 | 3.4 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 46 | 31.3 | ||
| Married | 92 | 62.6 | ||
| Widow/Divorce | 9 | 6.1 | ||
| Education level | ||||
| Up to secondary school | 27 | 18.4 | ||
| Diploma | 66 | 44.9 | ||
| Bachelor or higher | 54 | 36.7 | ||
| Household income (MYR) | ||||
| Low (<3860) | 56 | 38.1 | ||
| Middle (3860–8319) | 69 | 46.9 | ||
| High (>8319) | 22 | 15.0 | ||
| Skin type | ||||
| Type I (very light) | 7 | 4.8 | ||
| Type II (light) | 90 | 61.2 | ||
| Type III (intermediate) | 42 | 28.6 | ||
| Type IV (tanned) | 8 | 5.4 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 64.8 | 17.4 | ||
| Height (cm) | 156.2 | 5.6 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 | 6.6 | ||
| BMI classification | ||||
| Underweight | 7 | 4.8 | ||
| Normal | 65 | 44.2 | ||
| Overweight | 43 | 29.3 | ||
| Obese | 32 | 21.8 | ||
| Total METs (minutes/week) † | 1500 | 2680 | ||
| Physical activity level | ||||
| Low | 46 | 32.6 | ||
| Moderate | 52 | 36.9 | ||
| High | 43 | 30.5 | ||
| 25OH(D) (nmol/L) † | 34.1 | 15.6 | ||
| Insufficient vitamin D (25OHD <50 nmol/L) | 133 | 90.5 | ||
| Total dietary vitamin D intake (ug/day) † | 5.2 | 6.4 | ||
| No. of participants achieved recommended vitamin D intake | 9 | 6.1 | ||
| Sun index score † | 0.57 | 0.51 |
MYR: Malaysia Ringgit; BMI: body mass index; MET: metabolic equivalent † Median, IQR.