Table 2.

Adjusted model estimate in adults sampled in the NHANES study between 1999 and 2008.

Variable	Beta Estimate	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI
Age (years)	0.2	0.05	0.35
Sex
Male	REF	REF	REF
Female	7.66	3.1	12.22
Family PIR	−1.64	−3.33	0.05
BMI (kg/m2)
18.5–24.9	REF	REF	REF
<18.5	−9.53	−17.62	−1.44
25–29.9	−3.87	−7.88	0.13
>30	−3.73	−10.52	3.07
Smoking Status
Non Smoker	REF	REF	REF
Current Smoker	−7.98	−11.83	−4.12
Place of Birth
US	REF	REF	REF
Abroad	5.07	−1.11	11.25
Year
1999–2000	REF	REF	REF
2001–2002	−14.97	−27.13	−2.82
2003–2004	−14.34	−26.11	−2.57
2005–2006	−13.73	−25.76	−1.7
2007–2008	−11.41	−23.67	0.85