Table 1.

Summary of the proposed solution to enhance the mechanical characterizations and shrinkage of alkali-activated concretes incorporating RA.

Hardened State Properties	Proposed Solution	References
Mechanical strength	Using less than 50% RA (25 to 40 wt %)	[30,36,37,38,39,62,63,64,65,66,67,69]
	Adding a slightly larger quantity of cement (~5%) in the cementitious compositions	[2]
	The improvement at the ITZ by focusing on the quality and strength of RA and the properties of alkaline solutions	[35,68,72]
	Adjustment of water demand of RA with using: (1) pre-saturation and (2) the addition of more water during the mixing procedure	[22]
	Using thermal curing conditions with a temperature of 60–70 °C	[58,97,99,101]
	Increasing the molarity of sodium hydroxide up to a certain point	[28,76,78]
	Using carbon dioxide sequestration as a treatment approach for RA	[95,96]
Shrinkage	The internal curing action using RA with a diameter less than 2 mm	[37,82]
	Replacing RA up to 30% (wt %)	[102]