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. 2019 Dec 2;12(23):3994. doi: 10.3390/ma12233994

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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SEM images of the lateral spike surfaces of the MSC-Scaffold pre-prototypes modified by a one hour ECD_V=const process carried out using V_ECD values of: (a) −5.25 V, (b) −5.00 V and (c) −4.75 V, followed by 48 h incubation in SBF without AAT pretreatment, and, correspondingly, (d–f) with AAT pretreatment.

SEM images of the lateral spike surfaces of the MSC-Scaffold pre-prototypes modified by a one hour ECD_V=const process carried out using V_ECD values of: (a) −5.25 V, (b) −5.00 V and (c) −4.75 V, followed by 48 h incubation in SBF without AAT pretreatment, and, correspondingly, (d–f) with AAT pretreatment.