Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the analytical sample.
| Sample Information | Wave 1 (2011–2012) |
Wave 3 (2015–2016) |
Pooled | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Overall | 3018 | 100% | 3634 | 100% | 6652 | 100% |
| Age group | ||||||
| 45–59 | 1687 | 56% | 1817 | 50% | 3504 | 53% |
| 60+ | 1331 | 44% | 1817 | 50% | 3148 | 47% |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 2760 | 91% | 3322 | 91% | 6082 | 91% |
| Female | 258 | 9% | 312 | 9% | 570 | 9% |
| Education level | ||||||
| Primary and below | 1685 | 56% | 1945 | 54% | 3630 | 55% |
| Middle and high school | 1260 | 42% | 1594 | 44% | 2854 | 43% |
| College and above | 73 | 2% | 95 | 3% | 168 | 3% |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 265 | 9% | 368 | 10% | 633 | 10% |
| Married | 2753 | 91% | 3266 | 90% | 6019 | 90% |
| Economic Region | ||||||
| Eastern region | 959 | 32% | 1157 | 32% | 2116 | 32% |
| Northeast region | 220 | 7% | 283 | 8% | 503 | 8% |
| Central region | 963 | 32% | 1128 | 31% | 2091 | 31% |
| Western region | 876 | 29% | 1066 | 29% | 1942 | 29% |
| Residential zone | ||||||
| Rural | 1760 | 58% | 2101 | 58% | 3861 | 58% |
| Urban | 1258 | 42% | 1533 | 42% | 2791 | 42% |
| Cigarette brands by price tier | ||||||
| Tier I (luxury brands) | 56 | 2% | 164 | 5% | 220 | 3% |
| Tier II (premium brands) | 42 | 1% | 156 | 4% | 198 | 3% |
| Tier III (medium-priced brands) | 531 | 18% | 1481 | 41% | 2012 | 30% |
| Tier IV (discount brands) | 1577 | 52% | 1599 | 44% | 3176 | 48% |
| Tier V (deep discount brands) | 812 | 27% | 234 | 6% | 1046 | 16% |