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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Dec 9;141(50):19625–19633. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07111

Figure 1 ∣. Different routes towards peptide extension and processes catalyzed by PEARL and LanB enzymes.

Figure 1 ∣

(A) Ribosome catalyzed amide bond formation. (B) Amide bond formation catalyzed by the PEARL TglB. (C) LanB enzymes glutamylate Ser/Thr residues in their substrate peptides and subsequently eliminate the glutamate to form dehydroamino acids. PEARL proteins have homology with the glutamylation domain of LanB proteins but lack the glutamate elimination domain. Dha, dehydroalanine; Dhb, dehydrobutyrine. (D) Proposed biosynthetic pathway towards 3–thiaglutamate.1 SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. CysRS, cysteine tRNA synthetase. SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.