Table 1.

Baseline household, maternal, and newborn characteristics of neonates by oil groups, Sarlahi, Nepal

	Oil Randomization Group
	Mustard Oil		Sunflower Oil
	n	(%)	n	(%)
Ethnic Group	N = 500		N = 494
Pahadi	23	4.6	37	7.5
Madeshi	477	95.4	457	92.5
Maternal literacy	N = 500		N = 494
Literate	147	29.4	132	26.7
Paternal literacy	N = 500		N = 494
Literate	278	55.6	275	55.7
Maternal Education	N = 500		N = 495
None	351	70.2	361	72.9
1–5 yrs	48	9.6	41	8.3
6–10 yrs	79	15.8	71	14.3
> 10 yrs	22	4.4	22	4.4
Paternal Education	N = 500		N = 495
None	219	43.8	216	43.6
1–5 yrs	77	15.4	76	15.4
6–10 yrs	165	33.0	169	34.1
> 10 yrs	39	7.8	34	6.9
Maternal Age	N = 500		N = 494
< 18 yrs	55	11.0	52	10.5
18–24 yrs	295	59.0	300	60.7
25–29 yrs	105	21.0	100	20.2
> =30 yrs	45	9.0	42	8.5
Parity	N = 500		N = 494
None	145	29.0	136	27.5
1–2	219	43.8	229	46.3
3–4	114	22.8	113	22.8
> 5	22	4.4	17	3.4
Antenatal Care Visits	N = 500		N = 494
No ANC	142	28.4	146	29.6
1–2 ANC visits	188	37.6	182	36.8
3–4 ANC visits	148	29.6	146	29.6
> =5 ANC visits	22	4.4	20	4.0
Location of Delivery	N = 500		N = 494
Home	360	72.0	339	68.6
Facility	140	28.0	155	31.4
Sex	N = 500		N = 494
Male	269	53.8	260	52.6
Female	231	46.2	234	47.4
Gestational Age	N = 498		N = 491
< 34 wks	56	11.2	56	11.4
34–36 wks	148	29.7	139	28.3
≥ 37 wks	294	59.1	296	60.3
Birthweight	N = 498		N = 493
< 1500 g	6	1.2	13	2.6
1500-2499 g	161	32.3	183	37.1
≥ 2500 g	331	66.5	297	60.3
SGA1 Status	N = 498		N = 493
AGA2	268	53.8	269	54.6
SGA 3–10%	110	22.1	95	19.3
SGA 3%	120	24.1	129	26.2
Time to breastfeeding initiation (hrs)	N = 411		N = 427
< 1	138	33.6	140	32.8
1–2	225	54.7	227	53.2
3–4	29	7.1	30	7.0
≥ 5	19	4.6	30	7.0
Time between first visit and last massage (minutes)	N = 496		N = 491
< 30	117	23.6	96	19.6
30–59	84	16.9	85	17.3
60–119	128	25.8	136	27.7
120–179	62	12.5	70	14.3
≥ 180	105	21.2	104	21.2
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Gestational Age (wks)	N = 498		N = 491
	37.9	3.6	37.9	3.6
Birthweight (g)	N = 498		N = 493
	2638.0	440.1	2593.5	494.8
Average # times massaged per day during 1st week of life	N = 491		N = 487
	4.65	1.39	4.25	1.24

¹Small for Gestational Age; ² Adequate for Gestational Age