Table 2.
Skin barrier integrity measures of neonates at five time points during the neonatal period, Sarlahi, Nepal
| Skin Barrier Integrity Measure | Visit Number | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 28 | ||||||
| MO | SSO | MO | SSO | MO | SSO | MO | SSO | MO | SSO | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Erythema Score, Chest | 0.46 (0.61) N = 500 | 0.48 (0.62) N = 494 | 0.73 (0.63) N = 480 | 0.73 (0.62) N = 482 | 0.68 (0.59) N = 474 | 0.69 (0.62) N = 479 | 0.74 (0.63) N = 464 | 0.72 (0.61) N = 463 | 0.49 (0.54) N = 394 | 0.46 (0.55) N = 395 |
| Erythema Score, Arm | 0.55 (0.67) N = 500 | 0.53 (0.65) N = 494 | 0.77 (0.63) N = 480 | 0.77 (0.60) N = 482 | 0.80 (0.58) N = 474 | 0.84 (0.62) N = 479 | 0.90 (0.63) N = 464 | 0.90 (0.60) N = 463 | 0.61 (0.53) N = 394 | 0.57 (0.56) N = 395 |
| Erythema Score, Leg | 0.57 (0.68) N = 500 | 0.54 (0.67) N = 494 | 0.74 (0.65) N = 480 | 0.75 (0.65) N = 482 | 0.77 (0.61) N = 474 | 0.81 (0.64) N = 479 | 0.82 (0.62) N = 464 | 0.84 (0.60) N = 463 | 0.63 (0.59) N = 394 | 0.58 (0.61) N = 395 |
| Rash Score, Chest | 0.13 (0.39) N = 500 | 0.16 (0.43) N = 494 | 0.67 (0.76) N = 480 | 0.63 (0.75) N = 482 | 0.72 (0.77) N = 474 | 0.73 (0.80) N = 479 | 0.97 (0.79) N = 464 | 0.97 (0.80) N = 463 | 0.66 (0.70) N = 394 | 0.68 (0.74) N = 395 |
| Rash Score, Arm | 0.17 (0.47) N = 500 | 0.13 (0.40) N = 494 | 0.65 (0.76) N = 480 | 0.61 (0.76) N = 482 | 0.93 (0.84) N = 474 | 0.90 (0.88) N = 479 | 1.18 (0.87) N = 464 | 1.19 (0.87) N = 463 | 0.74 (0.72) N = 394 | 0.73 (0.74) N = 395 |
| Rash Score, Leg | 0.15 (0.44) N = 500 | 0.12 (0.37) N = 494 | 0.52 (0.70) N = 480 | 0.48 (0.69) N = 482 | 0.71 (0.78) N = 474 | 0.70 (0.77) N = 479 | 0.98 (0.78) N = 464 | 1.02 (0.82) N = 463 | 0.74 (0.74) N = 394 | 0.69 (0.74) N = 395 |
| Dryness Score, Chest | 0.002 (0.03) N = 500 | 0.004 (0.07) N = 494 | 0.010 (0.16) N = 480 | 0.016 (0.20) N = 482 | 0.017 (0.20) N = 474 | 0.029 (0.27) N = 479 | 0.050 (0.37) N = 464 | 0.038 (0.32) N = 463 | 0 N = 394 | 0.011 (0.16) N = 395 |
| Dryness Score, Arm | 0.004 (0.07) N = 500 | 0.018 (0.19) N = 494 | 0.067 (0.40) N = 480 | 0.049 (0.35) N = 482 | 0.16 (0.65) N = 474 | 0.15 (0.64) N = 479 | 0.15 (0.64) N = 464 | 0.27 (0.85) N = 463 | 0.020 (0.20) N = 394 | 0.029 (0.27) N = 395 |
| Dryness Score, Leg | 0.010 (0.15) N = 500 | 0.02 (0.26) N = 494 | 0.027 (0.23) N = 480 | 0.033 (0.29) N = 482 | 0.12 (0.56) N = 474 | 0.14 (0.63) N = 479 | 0.039 (0.31) N = 464 | 0.06 (0.40) N = 463 | 0.024 (0.26) N = 394 | 0.039 (0.33) N = 395 |
| Skin pH | 6.1 (0.53) N = 498 | 6.2 (0.53)§ N = 495 | 5.7 (0.53) N = 480 | 5.8 (0.52) N = 481 | 5.3 (0.58) N = 472 | 5.4 (0.56) N = 479 | 5.2 (0.57) N = 459 | 5.2 (0.56) N = 461 | 5.0 (0.61) N = 389 | 5.0 (0.60) N = 386 |
| TEWL (g/m2/hr) | 33.2 (23.5) N = 499 | 35.5 (23.8) N = 494 | 36.1 (24.7) N = 480 | 37.2 (24.6) N = 480 | 37.6 (24.5) N = 468 | 39.1 (25.1) N = 475 | 40.7 (24.3) N = 458 | 40.7 (24.1) N = 453 | 43.0 (24.5) N = 386 | 42.0 (23.2) N = 384 |
| Protein concentration (μg/cm2) | 16.6 (7.88) N = 497 | 17.9 (7.87)* N = 491 | N/A | N/A | 13.3 (6.52) N = 473 | 14.0 (6.74) N = 475 | 13.4 (6.96) N = 460 | 14.1 (6.78) N = 459 | 13.5 (5.89) N = 391 | 14.7 (6.03) § N = 388 |
Abbreviations: SD Standard deviation, TEWL Transepidermal water loss, MO Mustard oil, SFO Sunflower oil
*p < 0.05; § p < 0.01