. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2019 May 1;28:1236–1249. doi: 10.1007/s10826-019-01367-y

Table 3.

Results of t-test and Descriptive Statistics for Key Study Variables by Race, Gender, and Grade

	Race				Gender				Grade
	African-American	European American			Boy	Girl			1^st,2^nd,3^rd grade	4^th, 5^th grade
	M	M	t	df	M	M	t	df	M	M	t	df
	(SD)	(SD)			(SD)	(SD)			(SD)	(SD)
Individualistic	2.65	2.14	3.35^**	216	2.46	2.26	1.29	216	2.54	2.02	3.25^**	216
Value	(1.19)	(1.07)			(1.17)	(1.12)			(1.15)	(1.08)
Collectivistic	3.69	3.74	−.38	217	3.66	3.76	−.93	171.63	3.63	3.86	−2.04^*	217
Value	(.87)	(.75)			(.94)	(.66)			(.81)	(.76)
SDQ-Conduct	1.54	1.33	3.54^**	159.87	1.52	1.34	3.24^**	207	1.42	1.42	−.15	207
Problems	(.45)	(.36)			(.44)	(.37)			(.40)	(.43)
SDQ-Emotional	1.66	1.51	2.01^*	170.19	1.56	1.58	−.21	213	1.60	1.52	1.22	192.07
Symptoms	(.55)	(.45)			(.49)	(.50)			(.53)	(.43)
Russo et al-	1.15	.61	2.96^**	173	1.17	.57	3.08^**	108.69	.84	.82	.14	173
Problem Behavior	(.122)	(1.18)			(1.54)	(.81)			(1.11)	(1.39)
SDQ- Prosocial	2.37	2.64	-	147.38	2.43	2.60	−2.52^*	176.78	2.52	2.53	−.15	212
Behavior	(.55)	(.37)	3.98^***		(.53)	(.41)			(.50)	(.45)

Note. Coding was as follows: (0 = boy, 1 = girl), grade (0 = 1^st – 3^rd, 1 = 4^th – 5^th), and race-ethnicity (0 = African American, 1 = European American).

^***

p < .001.

^**

p < .01.

p < .05