Table 1.

Association Between Genetic and Prediction of T2DM

Probable Mechanism	Genes	Chromosome Position	SNPs	Population	Allele (Risk/Other)	Ref. No.
Insulin action	KLF14	7q32.3	rs972283	Han Chinese	G/A	[11]
	Northern Germany	G/A	[12]
	DUSP9	Xq28	rs5945326	Northern Germany	A/G	[12]
				Japanese	A/G	[16]
				Pakistani	A/G	[17]
Han Chinese	A/G	[18]
β-cell function	KCNQ1	11p15.5	rs2237895	Han Chinese	C/A	[11]
			Japanese, Asian, European	C	[13]
			rs2237892	Japanese, Asian, European	C	[13]
			rs2074196	Japanese, Asian, European	G	[13]
			rs2283228	Eastern Finland	A/C	[14]
			Asian Indian	A/C	[15]
	rs231362	Northern Germany	G/A	[12]
	SLC30A8	8q24.11	rs13266634	Japanese	C/T	[23]
				Lebanese	–	[24]
	Tunisian Arabs	–	[24]
	HNF4A	20q13.12	rs2425637	Finnish	G/T	[25]
			rs6130608	French-Canadian	T/C	[26]
			rs736824	French-Canadian	T/C	[26]
			rs745975	French-Canadian	C/T	[26]
			rs3212183	French-Canadian	C/T	[26]
	rs4812829	South Asian	A/G	[27]
	IGFBP2	3q27	rs4402960	Northen Han Chinese	T/G	[28]
			Tunisian	T/G	[29]
			rs1470579	Tunisian Arabs	–	[24]
				Lebanese	–	[24]
	Northen Han Chinese	C/A	[28]
	CDKN2A/B	9p21.3	rs10811661	Indian	T/C	[30]
				Pakistani	T/C	[17]
				Mexican	T/C	[31]
				Chinese She	T/C	[32]
				Chinese	T/C	[33]
				Uyghur	T/C	[34]
	Han Chinese	T/C	[35]
	TCF7L2	10q.25.2–25.3	rs7903146	Spaniards	T/C	[36]
				Austrians	T/C	[37]
				Lebanese	–	[24]
			Tunisian Arabs	–	[24]
			rs7901695	African-American	C/T	[38]
			Italian	C/T	[39]
			rs7903146	African-American	T/C	[38]
			rs12255372	European Caucasians	T	[40]
				Cameroonian	T/G	[41]
	French	T/G	[37]
	KCNJ11	11p15.1	rs2285676	Han Chinese	–	[42]
			rs5215	South Indian	C/T	[43]
			rs5219	Mauritanian	–	[44]
				Chinese She	–	[32]
				Chinese	T/C	[33]
				Lebanese	–	[24]
	Tunisian Arabs	–	[24]
	DNAJC3	13q32.1	–	Turkish	–	[45]
	CDKAL 1	6p22.3	rs10946398	Han Chinese	C/A	[47]
	rs775480	Alaska Native	C/A	[48]
	SLC30A8	8q24.11	rs13266634	Chinese	C/T	[51]
	Asian, European, African	C/T	[52]
Obesity	FTO	16q12.2	rs1558902	Japanese	A/T	[19]
			rs9939609	Scandinavian	A/T	[20]
			Spaniards	A/T	[21]
rs8050136	Finnish	A/C	[22]
Regulated insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver	ADIPOQ	3q27	rs1501299	Chinese	–	[46]
			rs7627128	Chinese	–	[46]
rs182052	Chinese	–	[46]
Regulated insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue	POMC	2p23.3	–	–	A/G	[49]
Insulin sensitivity	PPARγ2	3p25.2	rs1801282	Caucasian	–	[50]
Induced oxidative stress via ROS generation	Antioxidant genes	1p13.3	GSTM1del	–	–	[138]
		22q11.23	GSTT1del	–	–	[138]
		11q13.2	GSTP1 105I/V(+313A/G)	–	–	[138]
		11p13, 6q25.3	CAT-21A/T, SOD2 + 47C/T	–	–	[138]
3p21.31	GPx1 + 599C/T	–	–	[138]

Abbreviations: Ref, Reference; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.