Table 1:
Sample demographics by family out-of-pocket (OOP) burden aged 18–64 among people with kidney disease.
| Variables | All (%) | OOP Ratio >10% (%) | OOP Ratio <10% (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N(n) | 2,747,806 (2,966) | 491,526 (565) | 2,256280 (2,401) | |
| Age category | 0.010 | |||
| Age 18–44 | 44.1 | 37.1 | 45.7 | |
| Age 45–64 | 55.9 | 62.9 | 54.3 | |
| Gender | 0.002 | |||
| Male | 50.9 | 43.3 | 52.5 | |
| Female | 49.1 | 56.7 | 47.5 | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.071 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 71.3 | 71.3 | 71.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11.2 | 14.1 | 10.6 | |
| Hispanic | 13.1 | 10.4 | 13.7 | |
| Others | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.4 | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 59.7 | 45.6 | 62.8 | |
| Non-married+ | 20.1 | 31.9 | 17.5 | |
| Never married | 20.2 | 22.5 | 19.7 | |
| Education category | 0.001 | |||
| <High school | 18.6 | 22.7 | 17.6 | |
| High school | 34.1 | 38.7 | 33.2 | |
| College or more | 47.3 | 38.6 | 49.2 | |
| Insurance | <0.001 | |||
| Private | 69.3 | 48.5 | 73.8 | |
| Public | 19.5 | 33.0 | 16.6 | |
| Uninsured | 11.2 | 18.5 | 9.6 | |
| Metropolitan statistical status | 0.121 | |||
| MSA | 17.9 | 21.2 | 17.2 | |
| Non-MSA | 82.1 | 78.8 | 82.8 | |
| Census region | 0.013 | |||
| Northeast | 19.6 | 17.2 | 20.1 | |
| Midwest | 21.4 | 15.4 | 22.7 | |
| South | 40.4 | 46.8 | 39.0 | |
| West | 18.6 | 20.6 | 18.2 | |
| Poverty category | <0.001 | |||
| Poor/NEA | 19.2 | 47.9 | 13.0 | |
| Low Income | 13.4 | 22.3 | 11.5 | |
| Middle Income | 29.8 | 22.1 | 31.5 | |
| High Income | 37.6 | 7.7 | 44.0 | |
| Chronic conditions | ||||
| Diabetes | 23.0 | 33.9 | 20.6 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 45.5 | 56.6 | 43.1 | <0.001 |
| CVD | 20.5 | 34.3 | 17.6 | <0.001 |
| Emphysema | 2.4 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.072 |
| Joint pain | 46.2 | 65.6 | 42.0 | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 32.1 | 48.1 | 28.6 | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 11.9 | 19.1 | 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Year category | 0.002 | |||
| Year 2002/03 | 19.2 | 24.4 | 18.1 | |
| Year 2004/05 | 17.9 | 22.0 | 16.9 | |
| Year 2006/07 | 20.2 | 19.3 | 20.3 | |
| Year 2008/09 | 22.4 | 18.4 | 20.9 | |
| Year 2010/11 | 22.3 | 15.9 | 23.8 |
N - weighted sample size; n - unweighted sample size; %, weighted percentage.
+
Non-married stands for widowed/divorced and separated. OOP burden ratio is computed total family’s OOP spending on healthcare for all members divided by family’s self-reported pre-tax income.