Table 1. Mean scores on PERMA Profiler and divergent and convergent constructs (N = 439).
| Constructs | Sample mean scores (SD) | Population norm mean scores (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Wellbeing (PERMA Profiler) | |||
| Overall well-being | 6.6 (1.5) | 7.0 (1.6)a**[10] | |
| Positive emotion | 6.4 (1.7) | 6.7 (2.0)a** | |
| Engagement | 6.5 (1.6) | 7.3 (1.7)a** | |
| Relationships | 7.1 (1.9) | 6.9 (2.1)a | |
| Meaning | 6.8 (1.9) | 7.1 (2.1)a** | |
| Accomplishment | 6.3 (1.6) | 7.3 (1.7)a** | |
| Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS-21) | |||
| Depression | 8.0 (7.7) | 5.1 (7.7)b**[30] | |
| Anxiety | 6.0 (6.0) | 3.5 (5.6)b** | |
| Stress | 12.5 (8.0) | 8.0 (8.5)b** | |
| Quality of life (SF-12) | |||
| Mental health | 47.6 (8.8) | 52.4 (8.8)c [31] | |
| Physical health | 46.2 (8.4) | 48.9 (10.2)c | |
| Subjective MVPA minutes/day (AAS) | 37.2 (35.6); | 38.7 (88.51)d [32] | |
| Objective MVPA minutes/day (accelerometer-measured) | 105.7 (50.6) | 105.9 (51.3)e [33] | |
| Sleep duration minutes/day (accelerometer-measured) | 531.3 (95.0) | 501 (56)f** [34] | |
**p = <0.001
a. Compared to n = 2593 Australia adults
b. Compared to n = 497 Australian adults
c. Compared to n = 2013 South Australian adults
d. Compared to 19,259 Australian adults
e. Compared to n = 23,192 non-clinical male and female British adults (pooled male and female mean/variance is reported)
f. Compared to n = 1358 Australian adults.