Table 4. Mean values for variables groups in landscape and commodities macro levels using deforestation (DEF) and reforestation (REF) datasets.
| Macro level | Variable group | Prefix | Variables and units | DEF | REF | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landscape | Biophysical | B_alt | Altitude (m.a.s.l.) | 656 | 716 | [88] |
| B_fer | Soil fertility (% organic matter) | 1–2 | 1–2 | |||
| B_rfl | Annual rainfall (mm) | 3588 | 3658 | |||
| Land cover | C_bsl | Bare soil (% frequency) | 31 | 25 | [70] | |
| C_pas | Pasture (% frequency) | 73 | 53 | |||
| C_sze | Mean patch size (ha) | 6.5 | 4.9 | |||
| C_fra | Fractal dimension index (unitless) | 1.07 | 0.79 | |||
| Commodities | Agriculture | A_plm | Accessibility to oil palm extraction facilities (h)1 | 1–3 | 1–3 | [83] |
| A_cao | Accessibility to coffee and cacao collection centers (h) 1 | 0.5–1 | 0.5–1 | |||
| A_fru | Accessibility to fruit collection centers (h) 1 | 1–3 | 1–3 | |||
| A_mlk | Accessibility to milk product collection centers (h) 1 | 1–3 | 1–3 | |||
| Infrastructure | I_oil | Distance to oil wells (perforated between 2000 and 2010) (m) 1 | 250 | 299 | [88,89] | |
| I_min | Distance to mining blocks (assigned between 2000 and 2010) (m) 1 | 109 | 95 | |||
| I_ngt | Stable nightlights trend 2000–2010 (slope) | –0.27 | –0.27 |
1 These variables were normalized (0–1) and inverted (i.e., maximum distance and travel time were assigned values near zero, contrary values near one) during GWR modelling to facilitate interpretation but were transformed to their original units for reporting.