Table 5.
Associations between risk and protective factors and violence classes among boys (n=1420).
| Class | Risk (RF)/Protective (PF) Factor | Comparison (Reference) Class | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninvolved | Cross-Context Physical Victims | Cross-Context Aggressor-Victims | ||
| Cross-Context Aggressor-Victims | Individual factors | |||
| Impulsivity (RF) | 1.36 (0.92, 2.02) | 1.16 (0.77, 1.75) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.88) | |
| Anger (RF) | 1.42 (0.85, 2.37) | 0.98 (0.58, 1.67) | 1.00 (0.59, 1.67) | |
| Alcohol use (RF) | 4.12 (2.01, 8.46)*** | 2.89 (1.34, 6.23)** | 4.34 (2.04, 9.24)*** | |
| Social bonding (PF) | 0.49 (0.32, 0.76)** | 0.77 (0.49, 1.22) | 0.57 (0.36, 0.88)* | |
| Family factors | ||||
| Family violence (RF) | 1.69 (1.29, 2.21)*** | 1.44 (1.08, 1.92)* | 1.50 (1.14, 1.98)** | |
| Parental monitoring (PF) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90)* | 0.63 (0.41, 0.98)* | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | |
| Peer factors | ||||
| Peer delinquency (RF) | 1.44 (0.84, 2.48) | 1.11 (0.65, 1.89) | 1.08 (0.65, 1.81) | |
| Peer prosocial beliefs (PF) | 1.30 (0.58, 2.88) | 0.79 (0.34, 1.86) | 0.90 (0.41, 1.97) | |
| Peer Aggressor-Victims | Individual context | |||
| Impulsivity (RF) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | -- | |
| Anger (RF) | 1.43 (1.18, 1.73)*** | 0.99 (0.77, 1.26) | -- | |
| Alcohol use (RF) | 0.95 (0.57, 1.58) | 0.67 (0.35, 1.27) | -- | |
| Social bonding (PF) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 1.39 (0.99, 1.93)^ | -- | |
| Family context | ||||
| Family violence (RF) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | -- | |
| Parental monitoring (PF) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96)** | 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) | -- | |
| Peer context | ||||
| Peer delinquency (RF) | 1.33 (0.93, 1.92) | 1.03 (0.66, 1.59) | -- | |
| Peer prosocial beliefs (PF) | 1.44 (0.96, 2.17)^ | 0.88 (0.50, 1.56) | -- | |
| Cross-Context Physical Victims | Individual context | |||
| Impulsivity (RF) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39)^ | -- | -- | |
| Anger (RF) | 1.45 (1.15, 1.82)** | -- | -- | |
| Alcohol use (RF) | 1.42 (0.83, 2.45) | -- | -- | |
| Social bonding (PF) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.86)** | -- | -- | |
| Family context | ||||
| Family violence (RF) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39)^ | -- | -- | |
| Parental monitoring (PF) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | -- | -- | |
| Peer context | ||||
| Peer delinquency (RF) | 1.30 (0.83, 2.03) | -- | -- | |
| Peer prosocial beliefs (PF) | 1.64 (0.96, 2.82)^ | -- | -- | |
Note.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001. Model controls for grade, race/ethnicity, and parent education.