Table I.
Summary of Cognitive-Affective Measures Validated in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain
| Measure | Cognitive-affective domain | Number of items | Subscales | Independent expert panel | Child/adolescent input | Direct adaptation or informed by multiple measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAPQa | Pain anxiety | 6 | Pain-specific anxiety | Y | Y (item generation; CP only) | Multiple child measures |
| FOPQ-C | Fear of pain | 24 | Fear of pain (n = 13), avoidance of activities (n = 11) | Y | Y (item generation; CP only) | Multiple adult measures |
| PCS-C | Catastrophizing | 13 | Rumination (n = 4), helplessness (n = 6), magnification (n = 3) | N | N | Direct adaptation from adult measure |
| PCQa | Catastrophizing | 5 | Internalizing/catastrophizing subscale | N | N | Multiple adult and child measures |
| PRIa | Catastrophizing | 5 | Catastrophizing subscale | N | Y (item generation; CP only) | Multiple child and adult measures |
| PPFQ | Fear of pain | 22 | Fearful thoughts scale (n = 11), fearful physical feelings and behaviors (n = 11) | Y | Y (item generation, pilot questionnaire responses; CP and healthy children) | Multiple measures (unknown whether child or adult) |
| PHODA-Youth | Fear of pain | 51 | Activities of daily life (n = 13), intensive physical activities (n = 27), social activities (n = 11) | Y | Y (item generation; CP and healthy children) | Direct adaptation from adult measure |
a
Other subscales not related to cognitive-affective constructs of interest in this article are available but not listed here. Yes (Y); No (N);.
Note. Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire = BAPQ; Children with chronic pain = CP; Fear of Pain Questionnaire for Children = FOPQ-C; Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children = PCS-C; Pain Coping Questionnaire = PCQ; Pain Response Inventory = PRI; Pediatric Pain Fear Questionnaire = PPFQ; Photograph Series of Daily Activities = PHODA-Youth.