Table III.

Summary of Meta-Analyses on Correlations Between Cognitive-Affective Measures and Relevant Pain and Emotional Distress Variables

Outcome	N studies	N participants	Effect size	95% confidence intervals	I2 (%)
PCS-C
Pain intensitya	11	3,212	0.32	0.28–0.36	14.99
Pain-related disabilityb	12	2,797	0.42	0.38–0.46	23.55
Depression	6	1,422	0.53	0.43–0.63	74.91
General anxiety	5	2,112	0.51	0.45–0.57	49.05
FOPQ-C fear of pain subscale
Pain intensity	3	701	0.19	0.11–0.27	16.70
Pain-related disability	5	1,303	0.45	0.36–0.55	73.55
PCQ-IC
Pain intensity	5	609	0.22	0.12–0.32	30.33
Pain-related disability	6	717	0.32	0.20–0.44	61.81
Depression	4	414	0.48	0.39–0.57	14.69
BAPQ pain-specific anxiety
Pain-related disability	3	1,185	0.46	0.37–0.56	53.64

Note. Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire = BAPQ; Fear of Pain Questionnaire for Children = FOPQ-C; Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children = PCS-C; Pain Coping Questionnaire internalizing/catastrophizing scale = PCQ-IC.

Small effect size = 0.2; moderate effect size = 0.5; large effect size = 0.8.

I²: 0–40% might not be important; 30–60% moderate heterogeneity; 50–90% substantial heterogeneity; 75–100% considerable heterogeneity.

^aTrim and fill meta-analysis with one filled study: 0.41 (95% CI 0.37–0.45).

^bTrim and fill meta-analysis with one filled study: 0.42 (95% CI 0.33–0.52).