TABLE 4.
Fetal sex-specific effect of different amounts of maternal macronutrient intake in trimester 1 on AORs for SGA birth1
| Male births (n = 1047) | Female births (n = 988) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intakes and groups | SGA, % | SGA, AOR (95% CI) | P | SGA, AOR (95% CI) | P |
| Carbohydrate | |||||
| <60% of energy | 25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 60–70% of energy | 28 | 1.41 (0.96, 2.07) | 0.08 | 1.06 (0.72, 1.56) | 0.79 |
| >70% of energy | 29 | 1.67 (1.002, 2.780) | 0.049 | 0.81 (0.48, 1.38) | 0.44 |
| Protein | |||||
| <10% of energy | 26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 10–20% of energy | 28 | 1.17 (0.68, 2.02) | 0.57 | 1.34 (0.73, 2.46) | 0.35 |
| >20% of energy | 29 | 1.02 (0.58, 1.82) | 0.94 | 1.54 (0.82, 2.91) | 0.18 |
| Fat | |||||
| <20% of energy | 30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 20–25% of energy | 26 | 0.91 (0.62, 1.32) | 0.60 | 1.13 (0.76, 1.68) | 0.55 |
| >25% of energy | 26 | 0.61 (0.41, 0.90) | 0.01 | 1.04 (0.69, 1.56) | 0.87 |
1
n = 2035. Multiple variable logistic regression was used with fetal sex-specific maternal macronutrient intakes and maternal age, education, parity, height, and weight at recruitment; fetal sex; and total energy intake as covariates. AOR, adjusted OR; SGA, small-for-gestational age.