Table 3.
Results of Bivariate Analyses for Risk Factors for Exposure to Sudan Virus (SUDV)
| Risk Factora | Seroprevalence in Exposed Group, Proportion (%) | Seroprevalence in Nonexposed Group, Proportion (%) | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hunted wildlife | ||||
| Primate | 4/7 (57.1) | 8/242 (3.3) | 39.0 (7.46–204.00) | .001 |
| Bat | 0/1 (0.0) | 12/248 (4.8) | ... | >.999 |
| Rodent | 1/3 (33.3) | 11/246 (4.5) | 7.46 (.13–100.13) | .173 |
| Duiker | 1/3 (33.3) | 11/246 (4.5) | 7.46 (.13–100.13) | .173 |
| Porcupineb | 0/1 (0.0) | 12/248 (4.8) | ... | >.999 |
| Wild pig | 1/3 (33.3) | 11/246 (4.5) | 7.46 (.13–100.13) | .173 |
| Civet | ... | ... | ... | |
| Any | 4/9 (44.4) | 8/240 (3.3) | ... | |
| Consumed wildlifec | ||||
| Primate | 0/6 (0.0) | 13/288 (4.5) | ... | >.999 |
| Bat | ... | ... | ... | |
| Rodent (all species) | 3/14 (21.4) | 10/280 (3.6) | 6.00 (.95–26.81) | .029 |
| Rodent (cane rat) | 3/11(27.3) | 9/237 (4.0) | 7.18 (1.08–34.20) | .021 |
| Duiker | 5/70 (7.1) | 8/224 (3.6) | 2.00 (.50–7.18) | .229 |
| Porcupineb | 1/7 (14.3) | 12/287 (4.2) | 3.42 (.07–30.21) | .296 |
| Wild pig | 4/64 (6.25) | 9/230 (3.9) | 1.60 (.35–5.93) | .494 |
| Hippopotamus | 4/60 (6.67) | 8/188 (4.3) | 1.57 (.33–6.09) | .491 |
| Civet | 0/1 (0.0) | 13/293 (4.4) | ... | >.999 |
| Any | 5/115 (4.3) | 8/179 (4.5) | ... | |
| Contacted wildlife that raided crops | ||||
| Primate | 6/71 (8.5) | 6/178 (3.4) | 2.51 (.64–9.68) | .111 |
| Bat | 0/12 (0.0) | 12/237 (5.1) | ... | >.999 |
| Rodent (all species) | 11/222 (5.0) | 1/27 (3.7) | 1.34 (.18–59.68) | >.999 |
| Rodent (cane rat) | 1/2 (50.0) | 11/249 (4.4) | 11.31 (.17–227.25) | .131 |
| Duiker | 0/5 (0.0) | 12/244 (4.9) | ... | >.999 |
| Porcupineb | 0/3 (0.0) | 12/246 (4.9) | ... | >.999 |
| Wild pig | 1/5 (20.0) | 11/244 (4.4) | 4.43 (.09–44.54) | .248 |
| Civet | ... | ... | ... | |
| Any | 11/232 (4.7) | 1/17 (5.9) | ... | |
| Touched/handled wildlife | ||||
| Primate | 3/16 (18.8) | 10/278 (3.6) | 5.21 (.83–22.89) | .039 |
| Bat | ... | ... | ... | |
| Rodent (all species) | 11/212 (5.2) | 2/82 (2.4) | 2.13 (.48–20.12) | .526 |
| Rodent (cane rat) | 2/7 (28.6) | 10/241 (4.1) | 6.89 (.61–42.55) | .056 |
| Duiker | 1/14 (7.1) | 12/280 (4.3) | 1.67 (.04–12.87) | .486 |
| Porcupineb | 1/6 (16.7) | 12/288 (4.2) | 4.0 (.08–37.09) | .264 |
| Wild pig | 0/4 (0.0) | 13/290 (4.5) | ... | >.999 |
| Civet | 0/1 (0.0) | 13/293 (4.4) | ... | >.999 |
| Any | 11/213 (5.2) | 2/81 (2.5) | ... | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
aHaving wildlife in homes, having wildlife near homes, having wildlife close to water source, contacting wildlife in the forest, sharing fruits/vegetables with wildlife, being injured by wildlife, and finding wildlife dead were not significantly associated with SUDV seropositivity for any wildlife species.
bPorcupines are reported separately from rodents because porcupines were not considered to be in the same animal category as smaller rodent species by local study participants.
cIncludes both current and past wildlife consumption.